(148,'ST_STARTPOINT',13,'Syntax\n------\n\nST_StartPoint(ls)\nStartPoint(ls)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nReturns the Point that is the start point of the LineString value ls.\n\nST_StartPoint() and StartPoint() are synonyms.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSET @ls = \'LineString(1 1,2 2,3 3)\';\n\nSELECT AsText(StartPoint(GeomFromText(@ls)));\n+---------------------------------------+\n| AsText(StartPoint(GeomFromText(@ls))) |\n+---------------------------------------+\n| POINT(1 1)                            |\n+---------------------------------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/st_startpoint/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/st_startpoint/'),
(98,'LOCK TABLES',8,'Syntax\n------\n\nLOCK TABLE[S]\n  tbl_name [[AS] alias] lock_type\n  [, tbl_name [[AS] alias] lock_type] ...\n  [WAIT n|NOWAIT]\n\nlock_type:\n  READ [LOCAL]\n | [LOW_PRIORITY] WRITE\n | WRITE CONCURRENT\n\nUNLOCK TABLES\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nThe lock_type can be one of:\n\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| Option                    | Description                                    |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| READ                      | Read lock, no writes allowed                   |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| READ LOCAL                | Read lock, but allow concurrent inserts        |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| WRITE                     | Exclusive write lock. No other connections     |\n|                           | can read or write to this table                |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| LOW_PRIORITY WRITE        | Exclusive write lock, but allow new read       |\n|                           | locks on the table until we get the write      |\n|                           | lock.                                          |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| WRITE CONCURRENT          | Exclusive write lock, but allow READ LOCAL     |\n|                           | locks to the table.                            |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n\nMariaDB enables client sessions to acquire table locks explicitly for the\npurpose of cooperating with other sessions for access to tables, or to prevent\nother sessions from modifying tables during periods when a session requires\nexclusive access to them. A session can acquire or release locks only for\nitself. One session cannot acquire locks for another session or release locks\nheld by another session.\n\nLocks may be used to emulate transactions or to get more speed when updating\ntables.\n\nLOCK TABLES explicitly acquires table locks for the current client session.\nTable locks can be acquired for base tables or views. To use LOCK TABLES, you\nmust have the LOCK TABLES privilege, and the SELECT privilege for each object\nto be locked. See GRANT\n\nFor view locking, LOCK TABLES adds all base tables used in the view to the set\nof tables to be locked and locks them automatically. If you lock a table\nexplicitly with LOCK TABLES, any tables used in triggers are also locked\nimplicitly, as described in Triggers and Implicit Locks.\n\nUNLOCK TABLES explicitly releases any table locks held by the current session.\n\nMariaDB starting with 10.3.0\n----------------------------\n\nWAIT/NOWAIT\n-----------\n\nSet the lock wait timeout. See WAIT and NOWAIT.\n\nLimitations\n-----------\n\n* LOCK TABLES doesn\'t work when using Galera cluster.   You may experience\ncrashes or locks when used with Galera.\n* LOCK TABLES works on XtraDB/InnoDB tables only if the innodb_table_locks\nsystem variable is set to 1 (the default) and autocommit is set to 0 (1 is\ndefault). Please note that no error message will be returned on LOCK TABLES\nwith innodb_table_locks = 0.\n* LOCK TABLES implicitly commits the active transaction, if any. Also,\nstarting a transaction always releases all table locks acquired with LOCK\nTABLES. This means that there is no way to have table locks and an active\ntransaction at the same time. The only exceptions are the transactions in\nautocommit mode. To preserve the data integrity between transactional and\nnon-transactional tables, the GET_LOCK() function can be used.\n* When using LOCK TABLES on a TEMPORARY table, it will always be locked with a\nWRITE lock.\n* While a connection holds an explicit read lock on a table, it cannot modify\nit. If you try, the following error will be produced:\n\nERROR 1099 (HY000): Table \'tab_name\' was locked with a READ lock and can\'t be\nupdated\n\n* While a connection holds an explicit lock on a table, it cannot access a\nnon-locked table. If you try, the following error will be produced:\n\nERROR 1100 (HY000): Table \'tab_name\' was not locked with LOCK TABLES\n\n* While a connection holds an explicit lock on a table, it cannot issue the\nfollowing: INSERT DELAYED, CREATE TABLE, CREATE TABLE ... LIKE, and DDL\nstatements involving stored programs and views (except for triggers). If you\ntry, the following error will be produced:\n\nERROR 1192 (HY000): Can\'t execute the given command because you have active\nlocked tables or an active transaction\n\n* LOCK TABLES can not be used in stored routines - if you try, the following\nerror will be produced on creation:\n\nERROR 1314 (0A000): LOCK is not allowed in stored procedures\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/lock-tables/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/lock-tables/'),
(101,'Transaction Timeouts',8,'MariaDB has always had the wait_timeout and interactive_timeout settings,\nwhich close connections after a certain period of inactivity.\n\nHowever, these are by default set to a long wait period. In situations where\ntransactions may be started, but not committed or rolled back, more granular\ncontrol and a shorter timeout may be desirable so as to avoid locks being held\nfor too long.\n\nMariaDB 10.3 introduced three new variables to handle this situation.\n\n* idle_transaction_timeout (all transactions)\n* idle_write_transaction_timeout (write transactions - called\nidle_readwrite_transaction_timeout until MariaDB 10.3.2)\n* idle_readonly_transaction_timeout (read transactions)\n\nThese accept a time in seconds to time out, by closing the connection,\ntransactions that are idle for longer than this period. By default all are set\nto zero, or no timeout.\n\nidle_transaction_timeout affects all transactions,\nidle_write_transaction_timeout affects write transactions only and\nidle_readonly_transaction_timeout affects read transactions only. The latter\ntwo variables work independently. However, if either is set along with\nidle_transaction_timeout, the settings for idle_write_transaction_timeout or\nidle_readonly_transaction_timeout will take precedence.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSET SESSION idle_transaction_timeout=2;\nBEGIN;\nSELECT * FROM t;\nEmpty set (0.000 sec)\n## wait 3 seconds\nSELECT * FROM t;\nERROR 2006 (HY000): MySQL server has gone away\n\nSET SESSION idle_write_transaction_timeout=2;\nBEGIN;\nSELECT * FROM t;\nEmpty set (0.000 sec)\n## wait 3 seconds\nSELECT * FROM t;\nEmpty set (0.000 sec)\nINSERT INTO t VALUES(1);\n## wait 3 seconds\nSELECT * FROM t;\nERROR 2006 (HY000): MySQL server has gone away\n\nSET SESSION idle_transaction_timeout=2, SESSION\nidle_readonly_transaction_timeout=10;\nBEGIN;\nSELECT * FROM t;\nEmpty set (0.000 sec)\n ## wait 3 seconds\nSELECT * FROM t;\nEmpty set (0.000 sec)\n## wait 11 seconds\nSELECT * FROM t;\nERROR 2006 (HY000): MySQL server has gone away\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/transaction-timeouts/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/transaction-timeouts/'),
(152,'INET_ATON',14,'Syntax\n------\n\nINET_ATON(expr)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nGiven the dotted-quad representation of an IPv4 network address as a string,\nreturns an integer that represents the numeric value of the address. Addresses\nmay be 4- or 8-byte addresses.\n\nReturns NULL if the argument is not understood.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT INET_ATON(\'192.168.1.1\');\n+--------------------------+\n| INET_ATON(\'192.168.1.1\') |\n+--------------------------+\n|               3232235777 |\n+--------------------------+\n\nThis is calculated as follows: 192 x 2563 + 168 x 256 2 + 1 x 256 + 1\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/inet_aton/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/inet_aton/'),
(103,'WAIT and NOWAIT',8,'Extended syntax so that it is possible to set innodb_lock_wait_timeout and\nlock_wait_timeout for the following statements:\n\nSyntax\n------\n\nALTER TABLE tbl_name [WAIT n|NOWAIT] ...\nCREATE ... INDEX ON tbl_name (index_col_name, ...) [WAIT n|NOWAIT] ...\nDROP INDEX ... [WAIT n|NOWAIT]\nDROP TABLE tbl_name [WAIT n|NOWAIT] ...\nLOCK TABLE ... [WAIT n|NOWAIT]\nOPTIMIZE TABLE tbl_name [WAIT n|NOWAIT]\nRENAME TABLE tbl_name [WAIT n|NOWAIT] ...\nSELECT ... FOR UPDATE [WAIT n|NOWAIT]\nSELECT ... LOCK IN SHARE MODE [WAIT n|NOWAIT]\nTRUNCATE TABLE tbl_name [WAIT n|NOWAIT]\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nThe lock wait timeout can be explicitly set in the statement by using either\nWAIT n (to set the wait in seconds) or NOWAIT, in which case the statement\nwill immediately fail if the lock cannot be obtained. WAIT 0 is equivalent to\nNOWAIT.\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/wait-and-nowait/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/wait-and-nowait/'),
(107,'DROP USER',10,'Syntax\n------\n\nDROP USER [IF EXISTS] user_name [, user_name] ...\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nThe DROP USER statement removes one or more MariaDB accounts. It removes\nprivilege rows for the account from all grant tables. To use this statement,\nyou must have the global CREATE USER privilege or the DELETE privilege for the\nmysql database. Each account is named using the same format as for the CREATE\nUSER statement; for example, \'jeffrey\'@\'localhost\'. If you specify only the\nuser name part of the account name, a host name part of \'%\' is used. For\nadditional information about specifying account names, see CREATE USER.\n\nNote that, if you specify an account that is currently connected, it will not\nbe deleted until the connection is closed. The connection will not be\nautomatically closed.\n\nIf any of the specified user accounts do not exist, ERROR 1396 (HY000)\nresults. If an error occurs, DROP USER will still drop the accounts that do\nnot result in an error. Only one error is produced for all users which have\nnot been dropped:\n\nERROR 1396 (HY000): Operation DROP USER failed for \'u1\'@\'%\',\'u2\'@\'%\'\n\nFailed CREATE or DROP operations, for both users and roles, produce the same\nerror code.\n\nIF EXISTS\n---------\n\nIf the IF EXISTS clause is used, MariaDB will return a note instead of an\nerror if the user does not exist.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nDROP USER bob;\n\nDROP USER foo2@localhost,foo2@\'127.%\';\n\nIF EXISTS:\n\nDROP USER bob;\nERROR 1396 (HY000): Operation DROP USER failed for \'bob\'@\'%\'\n\nDROP USER IF EXISTS bob;\nQuery OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)\n\nSHOW WARNINGS;\n+-------+------+---------------------------------------------+\n| Level | Code | Message                                     |\n+-------+------+---------------------------------------------+\n| Note  | 1974 | Can\'t drop user \'bob\'@\'%\'; it doesn\'t exist |\n+-------+------+---------------------------------------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/drop-user/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/drop-user/'),
(109,'RENAME USER',10,'Syntax\n------\n\nRENAME USER old_user TO new_user\n  [, old_user TO new_user] ...\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nThe RENAME USER statement renames existing MariaDB accounts. To use it, you\nmust have the global CREATE USER privilege or the UPDATE privilege for the\nmysql database. Each account is named using the same format as for the CREATE\nUSER statement; for example, \'jeffrey\'@\'localhost\'. If you specify only the\nuser name part of the account name, a host name part of \'%\' is used.\n\nIf any of the old user accounts do not exist or any of the new user accounts\nalready exist, ERROR 1396 (HY000) results. If an error occurs, RENAME USER\nwill still rename the accounts that do not result in an error.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nCREATE USER \'donald\', \'mickey\';\nRENAME USER \'donald\' TO \'duck\'@\'localhost\', \'mickey\' TO \'mouse\'@\'localhost\';\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/rename-user/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/rename-user/'),
(110,'REVOKE',10,'Privileges\n----------\n\nSyntax\n------\n\nREVOKE \n  priv_type [(column_list)]\n   [, priv_type [(column_list)]] ...\n  ON [object_type] priv_level\n  FROM user [, user] ...\n\nREVOKE ALL PRIVILEGES, GRANT OPTION\n  FROM user [, user] ...\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nThe REVOKE statement enables system administrators to revoke privileges (or\nroles - see section below) from MariaDB accounts. Each account is named using\nthe same format as for the GRANT statement; for example,\n\'jeffrey\'@\'localhost\'. If you specify only the user name part of the account\nname, a host name part of \'%\' is used. For details on the levels at which\nprivileges exist, the allowable priv_type and priv_level values, and the\nsyntax for specifying users and passwords, see GRANT.\n\nTo use the first REVOKE syntax, you must have the GRANT OPTION privilege, and\nyou must have the privileges that you are revoking.\n\nTo revoke all privileges, use the second syntax, which drops all global,\ndatabase, table, column, and routine privileges for the named user or users:\n\nREVOKE ALL PRIVILEGES, GRANT OPTION FROM user [, user] ...\n\nTo use this REVOKE syntax, you must have the global CREATE USER privilege or\nthe UPDATE privilege for the mysql database. See GRANT.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nREVOKE SUPER ON *.* FROM \'alexander\'@\'localhost\';\n\nRoles\n-----\n\nSyntax\n------\n\nREVOKE role  [, role ...]\n  FROM grantee [, grantee2 ... ]\n\nREVOKE ADMIN OPTION FOR role FROM grantee [, grantee2]\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nREVOKE is also used to remove a role from a user or another role that it\'s\npreviously been assigned to. If a role has previously been set as a default\nrole, REVOKE does not remove the record of the default role from the\nmysql.user table. If the role is subsequently granted again, it will again be\nthe user\'s default. Use SET DEFAULT ROLE NONE to explicitly remove this.\n\nBefore MariaDB 10.1.13, the REVOKE role statement was not permitted in\nprepared statements.\n\nExample\n-------\n\nREVOKE journalist FROM hulda\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/revoke/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/revoke/'),
(153,'INET_NTOA',14,'Syntax\n------\n\nINET_NTOA(expr)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nGiven a numeric IPv4 network address in network byte order (4 or 8 byte),\nreturns the dotted-quad representation of the address as a string.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT INET_NTOA(3232235777);\n+-----------------------+\n| INET_NTOA(3232235777) |\n+-----------------------+\n| 192.168.1.1           |\n+-----------------------+\n\n192.168.1.1 corresponds to 3232235777 since 192 x 2563 + 168 x 256 2 + 1 x 256\n+ 1 = 3232235777\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/inet_ntoa/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/inet_ntoa/'),
(154,'IS_FREE_LOCK',14,'Syntax\n------\n\nIS_FREE_LOCK(str)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nChecks whether the lock named str is free to use (that is, not locked).\nReturns 1 if the lock is free (no one is using the lock), 0 if the lock is in\nuse, and NULL if an error occurs (such as an incorrect argument, like an empty\nstring or NULL). str is case insensitive.\n\nIf the metadata_lock_info plugin is installed, the Information Schema\nmetadata_lock_info table contains information about locks of this kind (as\nwell as metadata locks).\n\nStatements using the IS_FREE_LOCK function are not safe for statement-based\nreplication.\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/is_free_lock/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/is_free_lock/'),
(158,'IS_IPV6',14,'Syntax\n------\n\nIS_IPV6(expr)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nReturns 1 if the expression is a valid IPv6 address specified as a string,\notherwise returns 0. Does not consider IPv4 addresses to be valid IPv6\naddresses.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT IS_IPV6(\'48f3::d432:1431:ba23:846f\');\n+--------------------------------------+\n| IS_IPV6(\'48f3::d432:1431:ba23:846f\') |\n+--------------------------------------+\n|                                    1 |\n+--------------------------------------+\n1 row in set (0.02 sec)\n\nSELECT IS_IPV6(\'10.0.1.1\');\n+---------------------+\n| IS_IPV6(\'10.0.1.1\') |\n+---------------------+\n|                   0 |\n+---------------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/is_ipv6/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/is_ipv6/'),
(111,'SET PASSWORD',10,'Syntax\n------\n\nSET PASSWORD [FOR user] =\n  {\n    PASSWORD(\'some password\')\n   | OLD_PASSWORD(\'some password\')\n   | \'encrypted password\'\n  }\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nThe SET PASSWORD statement assigns a password to an existing MariaDB user\naccount.\n\nIf the password is specified using the PASSWORD() or OLD_PASSWORD() function,\nthe literal text of the password should be given. If the password is specified\nwithout using either function, the password should be the already-encrypted\npassword value as returned by PASSWORD().\n\nOLD_PASSWORD() should only be used if your MariaDB/MySQL clients are very old\n(< 4.0.0).\n\nWith no FOR clause, this statement sets the password for the current user. Any\nclient that has connected to the server using a non-anonymous account can\nchange the password for that account.\n\nWith a FOR clause, this statement sets the password for a specific account on\nthe current server host. Only clients that have the UPDATE privilege for the\nmysql database can do this. The user value should be given in\nuser_name@host_name format, where user_name and host_name are exactly as they\nare listed in the User and Host columns of the mysql.user table (or view in\nMariaDB-10.4 onwards) entry.\n\nThe argument to PASSWORD() and the password given to MariaDB clients can be of\narbitrary length.\n\nAuthentication Plugin Support\n-----------------------------\n\nMariaDB starting with 10.4\n--------------------------\nIn MariaDB 10.4 and later, SET PASSWORD (with or without PASSWORD()) works for\naccounts authenticated via any authentication plugin that supports passwords\nstored in the mysql.global_priv table.\n\nThe ed25519, mysql_native_password, and mysql_old_password authentication\nplugins store passwords in the mysql.global_priv table.\n\nIf you run SET PASSWORD on an account that authenticates with one of these\nauthentication plugins that stores passwords in the mysql.global_priv table,\nthen the PASSWORD() function is evaluated by the specific authentication\nplugin used by the account. The authentication plugin hashes the password with\na method that is compatible with that specific authentication plugin.\n\nThe unix_socket, named_pipe, gssapi, and pam authentication plugins do not\nstore passwords in the mysql.global_priv table. These authentication plugins\nrely on other methods to authenticate the user.\n\nIf you attempt to run SET PASSWORD on an account that authenticates with one\nof these authentication plugins that doesn\'t store a password in the\nmysql.global_priv table, then MariaDB Server will raise a warning like the\nfollowing:\n\nSET PASSWORD is ignored for users authenticating via unix_socket plugin\n\nSee Authentication from MariaDB 10.4 for an overview of authentication changes\nin MariaDB 10.4.\n\nMariaDB until 10.3\n------------------\nIn MariaDB 10.3 and before, SET PASSWORD (with or without PASSWORD()) only\nworks for accounts authenticated via mysql_native_password or\nmysql_old_password authentication plugins\n\nPasswordless User Accounts\n--------------------------\n\nUser accounts do not always require passwords to login.\n\nThe unix_socket , named_pipe and gssapi authentication plugins do not require\na password to authenticate the user.\n\nThe pam authentication plugin may or may not require a password to\nauthenticate the user, depending on the specific configuration.\n\nThe mysql_native_password and mysql_old_password authentication plugins\nrequire passwords for authentication, but the password can be blank. In that\ncase, no password is required.\n\nIf you provide a password while attempting to log into the server as an\naccount that doesn\'t require a password, then MariaDB server will simply\nignore the password.\n\nMariaDB starting with 10.4\n--------------------------\nIn MariaDB 10.4 and later, a user account can be defined to use multiple\nauthentication plugins in a specific order of preference. This specific\nscenario may be more noticeable in these versions, since an account could be\nassociated with some authentication plugins that require a password, and some\nthat do not.\n\nExample\n-------\n\nFor example, if you had an entry with User and Host column values of \'bob\' and\n\'%.loc.gov\', you would write the statement like this:\n\nSET PASSWORD FOR \'bob\'@\'%.loc.gov\' = PASSWORD(\'newpass\');\n\nIf you want to delete a password for a user, you would do:\n\nSET PASSWORD FOR \'bob\'@localhost = PASSWORD(\"\");\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/set-password/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/set-password/'),
(113,'DROP ROLE',10,'Syntax\n------\n\nDROP ROLE [IF EXISTS] role_name [,role_name ...]\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nThe DROP ROLE statement removes one or more MariaDB roles. To use this\nstatement, you must have the global CREATE USER privilege or the DELETE\nprivilege for the mysql database.\n\nDROP ROLE does not disable roles for connections which selected them with SET\nROLE. If a role has previously been set as a default role, DROP ROLE does not\nremove the record of the default role from the mysql.user table. If the role\nis subsequently recreated and granted, it will again be the user\'s default.\nUse SET DEFAULT ROLE NONE to explicitly remove this.\n\nIf any of the specified user accounts do not exist, ERROR 1396 (HY000)\nresults. If an error occurs, DROP ROLE will still drop the roles that do not\nresult in an error. Only one error is produced for all roles which have not\nbeen dropped:\n\nERROR 1396 (HY000): Operation DROP ROLE failed for \'a\',\'b\',\'c\'\n\nFailed CREATE or DROP operations, for both users and roles, produce the same\nerror code.\n\nIF EXISTS\n---------\n\nIf the IF EXISTS clause is used, MariaDB will return a warning instead of an\nerror if the role does not exist.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nDROP ROLE journalist;\n\nThe same thing using the optional IF EXISTS clause:\n\nDROP ROLE journalist;\nERROR 1396 (HY000): Operation DROP ROLE failed for \'journalist\'\n\nDROP ROLE IF EXISTS journalist;\nQuery OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)\n\nNote (Code 1975): Can\'t drop role \'journalist\'; it doesn\'t exist\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/drop-role/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/drop-role/'),
(159,'IS_USED_LOCK',14,'Syntax\n------\n\nIS_USED_LOCK(str)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nChecks whether the lock named str is in use (that is, locked). If so, it\nreturns the connection identifier of the client that holds the lock.\nOtherwise, it returns NULL. str is case insensitive.\n\nIf the metadata_lock_info plugin is installed, the Information Schema\nmetadata_lock_info table contains information about locks of this kind (as\nwell as metadata locks).\n\nStatements using the IS_USED_LOCK function are not safe for statement-based\nreplication.\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/is_used_lock/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/is_used_lock/'),
(162,'NAME_CONST',14,'Syntax\n------\n\nNAME_CONST(name,value)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nReturns the given value. When used to produce a result set column,\nNAME_CONST() causes the column to have the given name. The arguments should be\nconstants.\n\nThis function is used internally when replicating stored procedures. It makes\nlittle sense to use it explicitly in SQL statements, and it was not supposed\nto be used like that.\n\nSELECT NAME_CONST(\'myname\', 14);\n+--------+\n| myname |\n+--------+\n|     14 |\n+--------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/name_const/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/name_const/'),
(165,'SLEEP',14,'Syntax\n------\n\nSLEEP(duration)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nSleeps (pauses) for the number of seconds given by the duration argument, then\nreturns 0. If SLEEP() is interrupted, it returns 1. The duration may have a\nfractional part given in microseconds.\n\nStatements using the SLEEP() function are not safe for replication.\n\nExample\n-------\n\nSELECT SLEEP(5.5);\n+------------+\n| SLEEP(5.5) |\n+------------+\n|          0 |\n+------------+\n1 row in set (5.50 sec)\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/sleep/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/sleep/'),
(112,'CREATE ROLE',10,'Syntax\n------\n\nCREATE [OR REPLACE] ROLE [IF NOT EXISTS] role \n [WITH ADMIN\n  {CURRENT_USER | CURRENT_ROLE | user | role}]\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nThe CREATE ROLE statement creates one or more MariaDB roles. To use it, you\nmust have the global CREATE USER privilege or the INSERT privilege for the\nmysql database. For each account, CREATE ROLE creates a new row in the\nmysql.user table that has no privileges, and with the corresponding is_role\nfield set to Y. It also creates a record in the mysql.roles_mapping table.\n\nIf any of the specified roles already exist, ERROR 1396 (HY000) results. If an\nerror occurs, CREATE ROLE will still create the roles that do not result in an\nerror. The maximum length for a role is 128 characters. Role names can be\nquoted, as explained in the Identifier names page. Only one error is produced\nfor all roles which have not been created:\n\nERROR 1396 (HY000): Operation CREATE ROLE failed for \'a\',\'b\',\'c\'\n\nFailed CREATE or DROP operations, for both users and roles, produce the same\nerror code.\n\nPUBLIC and NONE are reserved, and cannot be used as role names. NONE is used\nto unset a role and PUBLIC has a special use in other systems, such as Oracle,\nso is reserved for compatibility purposes.\n\nFor valid identifiers to use as role names, see Identifier Names.\n\nWITH ADMIN\n----------\n\nThe optional WITH ADMIN clause determines whether the current user, the\ncurrent role or another user or role has use of the newly created role. If the\nclause is omitted, WITH ADMIN CURRENT_USER is treated as the default, which\nmeans that the current user will be able to GRANT this role to users.\n\nOR REPLACE\n----------\n\nIf the optional OR REPLACE clause is used, it acts as a shortcut for:\n\nDROP ROLE IF EXISTS name;\nCREATE ROLE name ...;\n\nIF NOT EXISTS\n-------------\n\nWhen the IF NOT EXISTS clause is used, MariaDB will return a warning instead\nof an error if the specified role already exists. Cannot be used together with\nthe OR REPLACE clause.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nCREATE ROLE journalist;\n\nCREATE ROLE developer WITH ADMIN lorinda@localhost;\n\nGranting the role to another user. Only user lorinda@localhost has permission\nto grant the developer role:\n\nSELECT USER();\n+-------------------+\n| USER()            |\n+-------------------+\n| henning@localhost |\n+-------------------+\n...\nGRANT developer TO ian@localhost;\nAccess denied for user \'henning\'@\'localhost\'\n\nSELECT USER();\n+-------------------+\n| USER()            |\n+-------------------+\n| lorinda@localhost |\n+-------------------+\n\nGRANT m_role TO ian@localhost;\n\nThe OR REPLACE and IF NOT EXISTS clauses. The journalist role already exists:\n\nCREATE ROLE journalist;\nERROR 1396 (HY000): Operation CREATE ROLE failed for \'journalist\'\n\nCREATE OR REPLACE ROLE journalist;\nQuery OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)\n\nCREATE ROLE IF NOT EXISTS journalist;\nQuery OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)\n\nSHOW WARNINGS;\n+-------+------+---------------------------------------------------+\n| Level | Code | Message                                           |\n+-------+------+---------------------------------------------------+\n| Note  | 1975 | Can\'t create role \'journalist\'; it already exists |\n+-------+------+---------------------------------------------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/create-role/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/create-role/'),
(114,'SET ROLE',10,'Syntax\n------\n\nSET ROLE { role | NONE }\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nThe SET ROLE statement enables a role, along with all of its associated\npermissions, for the current session. To unset a role, use NONE .\n\nIf a role that doesn\'t exist, or to which the user has not been assigned, is\nspecified, an ERROR 1959 (OP000): Invalid role specification error occurs.\n\nAn automatic SET ROLE is implicitly performed when a user connects if that\nuser has been assigned a default role. See SET DEFAULT ROLE.\n\nExample\n-------\n\nSELECT CURRENT_ROLE;\n+--------------+\n| CURRENT_ROLE |\n+--------------+\n| NULL         |\n+--------------+\n\nSET ROLE staff;\n\nSELECT CURRENT_ROLE;\n+--------------+\n| CURRENT_ROLE |\n+--------------+\n| staff        |\n+--------------+\n\nSET ROLE NONE;\n\nSELECT CURRENT_ROLE();\n+----------------+\n| CURRENT_ROLE() |\n+----------------+\n| NULL           |\n+----------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/set-role/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/set-role/'),
(115,'SET DEFAULT ROLE',10,'Syntax\n------\n\nSET DEFAULT ROLE { role | NONE } [ FOR user@host ]\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nThe SET DEFAULT ROLE statement sets a default role for a specified (or\ncurrent) user. A default role is automatically enabled when a user connects\n(an implicit SET ROLE statement is executed immediately after a connection is\nestablished).\n\nTo be able to set a role as a default, the role must already have been granted\nto that user, and one needs the privileges to enable this role (if you cannot\ndo SET ROLE X, you won\'t be able to do SET DEFAULT ROLE X). To set a default\nrole for another user one needs to have write access to the mysql database.\n\nTo remove a user\'s default role, use SET DEFAULT ROLE NONE [ FOR user@host ].\nThe record of the default role is not removed if the role is dropped or\nrevoked, so if the role is subsequently re-created or granted, it will again\nbe the user\'s default role.\n\nThe default role is stored in the default_role column in the mysql.user\ntable/view, as well as in the Information Schema APPLICABLE_ROLES table, so\nthese can be viewed to see which role has been assigned to a user as the\ndefault.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSetting a default role for the current user:\n\nSET DEFAULT ROLE journalist;\n\nRemoving a default role from the current user:\n\nSET DEFAULT ROLE NONE;\n\nSetting a default role for another user. The role has to have been granted to\nthe user before it can be set as default:\n\nCREATE ROLE journalist;\nCREATE USER taniel;\n\nSET DEFAULT ROLE journalist FOR taniel;\nERROR 1959 (OP000): Invalid role specification `journalist`\n\nGRANT journalist TO taniel;\nSET DEFAULT ROLE journalist FOR taniel;\n\nViewing mysql.user:\n\nselect * from mysql.user where user=\'taniel\'\\G\n*************************** 1. row ***************************\n         Host: %\n         User: taniel\n...\n       is_role: N\n     default_role: journalist\n...\n\nRemoving a default role for another user\n\nSET DEFAULT ROLE NONE FOR taniel;\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/set-default-role/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/set-default-role/'),
(166,'SYS_GUID',14,'MariaDB starting with 10.6.1\n----------------------------\nThe SYS_GUID function was introduced in MariaDB 10.6.1 to enhance Oracle\ncompatibility. Similar functionality can be achieved with the UUID function.\n\nSyntax\n------\n\nSYS_GUID()\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nReturns a 16-byte globally unique identifier (GUID), similar to the UUID\nfunction, but without the - character.\n\nExample\n-------\n\nSELECT SYS_GUID();\n+----------------------------------+\n| SYS_GUID()                       |\n+----------------------------------+\n| 2C574E45BA2811EBB265F859713E4BE4 |\n+----------------------------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/sys_guid/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/sys_guid/'),
(170,'!',15,'Syntax\n------\n\nNOT, !\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nLogical NOT. Evaluates to 1 if the operand is 0, to 0 if the operand is\nnon-zero, and NOT NULL returns NULL.\n\nBy default, the ! operator has a higher precedence. If the HIGH_NOT_PRECEDENCE\nSQL_MODE flag is set, NOT and ! have the same precedence.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT NOT 10;\n+--------+\n| NOT 10 |\n+--------+\n|      0 |\n+--------+\n\nSELECT NOT 0;\n+-------+\n| NOT 0 |\n+-------+\n|     1 |\n+-------+\n\nSELECT NOT NULL;\n+----------+\n| NOT NULL |\n+----------+\n|     NULL |\n+----------+\n\nSELECT ! (1+1);\n+---------+\n| ! (1+1) |\n+---------+\n|       0 |\n+---------+\n\nSELECT ! 1+1;\n+-------+\n| ! 1+1 |\n+-------+\n|     1 |\n+-------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/not/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/not/'),
(116,'Roles Overview',10,'Description\n-----------\n\nA role bundles a number of privileges together. It assists larger\norganizations where, typically, a number of users would have the same\nprivileges, and, previously, the only way to change the privileges for a group\nof users was by changing each user\'s privileges individually.\n\nAlternatively, multiple external users could have been assigned the same user,\nand there would have been no way to see which actual user was responsible for\nwhich action.\n\nWith roles, managing this is easy. For example, there could be a number of\nusers assigned to a journalist role, with identical privileges. Changing the\nprivileges for all the journalists is a matter of simply changing the role\'s\nprivileges, while the individual user is still linked with any changes that\ntake place.\n\nRoles are created with the CREATE ROLE statement, and dropped with the DROP\nROLE statement. Roles are then assigned to a user with an extension to the\nGRANT statement, while privileges are assigned to a role in the regular way\nwith GRANT. Similarly, the REVOKE statement can be used to both revoke a role\nfrom a user, or revoke a privilege from a role.\n\nOnce a user has connected, he can obtain all privileges associated with a role\nby setting a role with the SET ROLE statement. The CURRENT_ROLE function\nreturns the currently set role for the session, if any.\n\nOnly roles granted directly to a user can be set, roles granted to other roles\ncannot. Instead the privileges granted to a role, which is, in turn, granted\nto another role (grantee), will be immediately available to any user who sets\nthis second grantee role.\n\nThe SET DEFAULT ROLE statement allows one to set a default role for a user. A\ndefault role is automatically enabled when a user connects (an implicit SET\nROLE statement is executed immediately after a connection is established).\n\nRoles were implemented as a GSoC 2013 project by Vicentiu Ciorbaru.\n\nSystem Tables\n-------------\n\nInformation about roles and who they\'ve been granted to can be found in the\nInformation Schema APPLICABLE_ROLES table as well as the mysql.ROLES_MAPPING\ntable.\n\nThe Information Schema ENABLED_ROLES table shows the enabled roles for the\ncurrent session.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nCreating a role and granting a privilege:\n\nCREATE ROLE journalist;\n\nGRANT SHOW DATABASES ON *.* TO journalist;\n\nGRANT journalist to hulda;\n\nNote, that hulda has no SHOW DATABASES privilege, even though she was granted\nthe journalist role. She needs to set the role first:\n\nSHOW DATABASES;\n+--------------------+\n| Database           |\n+--------------------+\n| information_schema |\n+--------------------+\n\nSELECT CURRENT_ROLE;\n+--------------+\n| CURRENT_ROLE |\n+--------------+\n| NULL         |\n+--------------+\n\nSET ROLE journalist;\n\nSELECT CURRENT_ROLE;\n+--------------+\n| CURRENT_ROLE |\n+--------------+\n| journalist   |\n+--------------+\n\nSHOW DATABASES;\n+--------------------+\n| Database           |\n+--------------------+\n| ...                |\n| information_schema |\n| mysql              |\n| performance_schema |\n| test               |\n| ...                |\n+--------------------+\n\nSET ROLE NONE;\n\nRoles can be granted to roles:\n\nCREATE ROLE writer;\n\nGRANT SELECT ON data.* TO writer;\n\nGRANT writer TO journalist;\n\nBut one does not need to set a role granted to a role. For example, hulda will\nautomatically get all writer privileges when she sets the journalist role:\n\nSELECT CURRENT_ROLE;\n+--------------+\n| CURRENT_ROLE |\n+--------------+\n| NULL         |\n+--------------+\n\nSHOW TABLES FROM data;\nEmpty set (0.01 sec)\n\nSET ROLE journalist;\n\nSELECT CURRENT_ROLE;\n+--------------+\n| CURRENT_ROLE |\n+--------------+\n| journalist   |\n+--------------+\n\nSHOW TABLES FROM data;\n+------------------------------+\n| Tables_in_data               |\n+------------------------------+\n| set1                         |\n| ...                          |\n+------------------------------+\n\nRoles and Views (and Stored Routines)\n-------------------------------------\n\nWhen a user sets a role, he, in a sense, has two identities with two\nassociated sets of privileges. But a view (or a stored routine) can have only\none definer. So, when a view (or a stored routine) is created with the SQL\nSECURITY DEFINER, one can specify whether the definer should be CURRENT_USER\n(and the view will have none of the privileges of the user\'s role) or\nCURRENT_ROLE (in this case, the view will use role\'s privileges, but none of\nthe user\'s privileges). As a result, sometimes one can create a view that is\nimpossible to use.\n\nCREATE ROLE r1;\n\nGRANT ALL ON db1.* TO r1;\n\nGRANT r1 TO foo@localhost;\n\nGRANT ALL ON db.* TO foo@localhost;\n\nSELECT CURRENT_USER\n+---------------+\n| current_user  |\n+---------------+\n| foo@localhost |\n+---------------+\n\nSET ROLE r1;\n\nCREATE TABLE db1.t1 (i int);\n\nCREATE VIEW db.v1 AS SELECT * FROM db1.t1;\n\nSHOW CREATE VIEW db.v1;\n+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------\n------------------------------------------------------------------+------------\n---------+----------------------+\n| View | Create View                                                          \n                                 |\ncharacter_set_client | collation_connection |\n+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------\n------------------------------------------------------------------+------------\n---------+----------------------+\n| v1   | CREATE ALGORITHM=UNDEFINED DEFINER=`foo`@`localhost` SQL SECURITY\nDEFINER VIEW `db`.`v1` AS SELECT `db1`.`t1`.`i` AS `i` from `db1`.`t1` | utf8 \n       | utf8_general_ci      |\n+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------\n------------------------------------------------------------------+------------\n---------+----------------------+\n\nCREATE DEFINER=CURRENT_ROLE VIEW db.v2 AS SELECT * FROM db1.t1;\n\nSHOW CREATE VIEW db.b2;\n+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------\n-----------------------------------------------------+----------------------+--\n-------------------+\n| View | Create View                                                          \n                           | character_set_client |\ncollation_connection |\n+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------\n-----------------------------------------------------+----------------------+--\n-------------------+\n| v2   | CREATE ALGORITHM=UNDEFINED DEFINER=`r1` SQL SECURITY DEFINER VIEW\n`db`.`v2` AS select `db1`.`t1`.`a` AS `a` from `db1`.`t1` | utf8              \n | utf8_general_ci      |\n+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------\n-----------------------------------------------------+----------------------+--\n-------------------+\n\nOther Resources\n---------------\n\n* Roles Review by Peter Gulutzan\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/roles_overview/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/roles_overview/'),
(171,'&&',15,'Syntax\n------\n\nAND, &&\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nLogical AND. Evaluates to 1 if all operands are non-zero and not NULL, to 0 if\none or more operands are 0, otherwise NULL is returned.\n\nFor this operator, short-circuit evaluation can be used.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT 1 && 1;\n+--------+\n| 1 && 1 |\n+--------+\n|      1 |\n+--------+\n\nSELECT 1 && 0;\n+--------+\n| 1 && 0 |\n+--------+\n|      0 |\n+--------+\n\nSELECT 1 && NULL;\n+-----------+\n| 1 && NULL |\n+-----------+\n|      NULL |\n+-----------+\n\nSELECT 0 && NULL;\n+-----------+\n| 0 && NULL |\n+-----------+\n|         0 |\n+-----------+\n\nSELECT NULL && 0;\n+-----------+\n| NULL && 0 |\n+-----------+\n|         0 |\n+-----------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/and/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/and/'),
(117,'Account Locking',10,'MariaDB starting with 10.4.2\n----------------------------\nAccount locking was introduced in MariaDB 10.4.2.\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nAccount locking permits privileged administrators to lock/unlock user\naccounts. No new client connections will be permitted if an account is locked\n(existing connections are not affected).\n\nUser accounts can be locked at creation, with the CREATE USER statement, or\nmodified after creation with the ALTER USER statement. For example:\n\nCREATE USER \'lorin\'@\'localhost\' ACCOUNT LOCK;\n\nor\n\nALTER USER \'marijn\'@\'localhost\' ACCOUNT LOCK;\n\nThe server will return an ER_ACCOUNT_HAS_BEEN_LOCKED error when locked users\nattempt to connect:\n\nmysql -ulorin\n ERROR 4151 (HY000): Access denied, this account is locked\n\nThe ALTER USER statement is also used to unlock a user:\n\nALTER USER \'lorin\'@\'localhost\' ACCOUNT UNLOCK;\n\nThe SHOW CREATE USER statement will show whether the account is locked:\n\nSHOW CREATE USER \'marijn\'@\'localhost\';\n+-----------------------------------------------+\n| CREATE USER for marijn@localhost              |\n+-----------------------------------------------+\n| CREATE USER \'marijn\'@\'localhost\' ACCOUNT LOCK |\n+-----------------------------------------------+\n\nas well as querying the mysql.global_priv table:\n\nSELECT CONCAT(user, \'@\', host, \' => \', JSON_DETAILED(priv)) FROM\nmysql.global_priv \n WHERE user=\'marijn\';\n+------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n-------+\n| CONCAT(user, \'@\', host, \' => \', JSON_DETAILED(priv))                        \n    |\n+------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n-------+\n| marijn@localhost => {\n  \"access\": 0,\n  \"plugin\": \"mysql_native_password\",\n  \"authentication_string\": \"\",\n  \"account_locked\": true,\n  \"password_last_changed\": 1558017158\n} |\n+------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n-------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/account-locking/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/account-locking/'),
(119,'User Password Expiry',10,'MariaDB starting with 10.4.3\n----------------------------\nUser password expiry was introduced in MariaDB 10.4.3.\n\nPassword expiry permits administrators to expire user passwords, either\nmanually or automatically.\n\nSystem Variables\n----------------\n\nThere are two system variables which affect password expiry:\ndefault_password_lifetime, which determines the amount of time between\nrequiring the user to change their password. 0, the default, means automatic\npassword expiry is not active.\n\nThe second variable, disconnect_on_expired_password determines whether a\nclient is permitted to connect if their password has expired, or whether they\nare permitted to connect in sandbox mode, able to perform a limited subset of\nqueries related to resetting the password, in particular SET PASSWORD and SET.\n\nSetting a Password Expiry Limit for a User\n------------------------------------------\n\nBesides automatic password expiry, as determined by default_password_lifetime,\npassword expiry times can be set on an individual user basis, overriding the\nglobal using the CREATE USER or ALTER USER statements, for example:\n\nCREATE USER \'monty\'@\'localhost\' PASSWORD EXPIRE INTERVAL 120 DAY;\n\nALTER USER \'monty\'@\'localhost\' PASSWORD EXPIRE INTERVAL 120 DAY;\n\nLimits can be disabled by use of the NEVER keyword, for example:\n\nCREATE USER \'monty\'@\'localhost\' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER;\n\nALTER USER \'monty\'@\'localhost\' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER;\n\nA manually set limit can be restored the system default by use of DEFAULT, for\nexample:\n\nCREATE USER \'monty\'@\'localhost\' PASSWORD EXPIRE DEFAULT;\n\nALTER USER \'monty\'@\'localhost\' PASSWORD EXPIRE DEFAULT;\n\nSHOW CREATE USER\n----------------\n\nThe SHOW CREATE USER statement will display information about the password\nexpiry status of the user. Unlike MySQL, it will not display if the user is\nunlocked, or if the password expiry is set to default.\n\nCREATE USER \'monty\'@\'localhost\' PASSWORD EXPIRE INTERVAL 120 DAY;\nCREATE USER \'konstantin\'@\'localhost\' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER;\nCREATE USER \'amse\'@\'localhost\' PASSWORD EXPIRE DEFAULT;\n\nSHOW CREATE USER \'monty\'@\'localhost\';\n+------------------------------------------------------------------+\n| CREATE USER for monty@localhost                                  |\n+------------------------------------------------------------------+\n| CREATE USER \'monty\'@\'localhost\' PASSWORD EXPIRE INTERVAL 120 DAY |\n+------------------------------------------------------------------+\n\nSHOW CREATE USER \'konstantin\'@\'localhost\';\n+------------------------------------------------------------+\n| CREATE USER for konstantin@localhost                       |\n+------------------------------------------------------------+\n| CREATE USER \'konstantin\'@\'localhost\' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER |\n+------------------------------------------------------------+\n\nSHOW CREATE USER \'amse\'@\'localhost\';\n+--------------------------------+\n| CREATE USER for amse@localhost |\n+--------------------------------+\n| CREATE USER \'amse\'@\'localhost\' |\n+--------------------------------+\n\nChecking When Passwords Expire\n------------------------------\n\nThe following query can be used to check when the current passwords expire for\nall users:\n\nWITH password_expiration_info AS (\n SELECT User, Host,\n IF(\n IFNULL(JSON_EXTRACT(Priv, \'$.password_lifetime\'), -1) = -1,\n @@global.default_password_lifetime,\n JSON_EXTRACT(Priv, \'$.password_lifetime\')\n ) AS password_lifetime,\n JSON_EXTRACT(Priv, \'$.password_last_changed\') AS password_last_changed\n FROM mysql.global_priv\n)\nSELECT pei.User, pei.Host,\n pei.password_lifetime,\n FROM_UNIXTIME(pei.password_last_changed) AS password_last_changed_datetime,\n FROM_UNIXTIME(\n pei.password_last_changed +\n (pei.password_lifetime * 60 * 60 * 24)\n ) AS password_expiration_datetime\n FROM password_expiration_info pei\n WHERE pei.password_lifetime != 0\n AND pei.password_last_changed IS NOT NULL\nUNION\nSELECT pei.User, pei.Host,\n pei.password_lifetime,\n FROM_UNIXTIME(pei.password_last_changed) AS password_last_changed_datetime,\n 0 AS password_expiration_datetime\n FROM password_expiration_info pei\n WHERE pei.password_lifetime = 0\n OR pei.password_last_changed IS NULL;\n\n--connect-expired-password Client Option\n----------------------------------------\n\nThe mariadb client --connect-expired-password option notifies the server that\nthe client is prepared to handle expired password sandbox mode (even if the\n--batch option was specified).\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/user-password-expiry/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/user-password-expiry/'),
(172,'XOR',15,'Syntax\n------\n\nXOR\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nXOR stands for eXclusive OR. Returns NULL if either operand is NULL. For\nnon-NULL operands, evaluates to 1 if an odd number of operands is non-zero,\notherwise 0 is returned.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT 1 XOR 1;\n+---------+\n| 1 XOR 1 |\n+---------+\n|       0 |\n+---------+\n\nSELECT 1 XOR 0;\n+---------+\n| 1 XOR 0 |\n+---------+\n|       1 |\n+---------+\n\nSELECT 1 XOR NULL;\n+------------+\n| 1 XOR NULL |\n+------------+\n|       NULL |\n+------------+\n\nIn the following example, the right 1 XOR 1 is evaluated first, and returns 0.\nThen, 1 XOR 0 is evaluated, and 1 is returned.\n\nSELECT 1 XOR 1 XOR 1;\n+---------------+\n| 1 XOR 1 XOR 1 |\n+---------------+\n|             1 |\n+---------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/xor/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/xor/'),
(187,'STDDEV_SAMP',16,'Syntax\n------\n\nSTDDEV_SAMP(expr)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nReturns the sample standard deviation of expr (the square root of VAR_SAMP()).\n\nIt is an aggregate function, and so can be used with the GROUP BY clause.\n\nSTDDEV_SAMP() can be used as a window function.\n\nSTDDEV_SAMP() returns NULL if there were no matching rows.\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/stddev_samp/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/stddev_samp/'),
(124,'UNCOMPRESS',12,'Syntax\n------\n\nUNCOMPRESS(string_to_uncompress)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nUncompresses a string compressed by the COMPRESS() function. If the argument\nis not a compressed value, the result is NULL. This function requires MariaDB\nto have been compiled with a compression library such as zlib. Otherwise, the\nreturn value is always NULL. The have_compress server system variable\nindicates whether a compression library is present.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT UNCOMPRESS(COMPRESS(\'a string\'));\n+----------------------------------+\n| UNCOMPRESS(COMPRESS(\'a string\')) |\n+----------------------------------+\n| a string                         |\n+----------------------------------+\n\nSELECT UNCOMPRESS(\'a string\');\n+------------------------+\n| UNCOMPRESS(\'a string\') |\n+------------------------+\n| NULL                   |\n+------------------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/uncompress/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/uncompress/'),
(125,'DECODE',12,'Syntax\n------\n\nDECODE(crypt_str,pass_str)\n\nIn Oracle mode from MariaDB 10.3.2:\n\nDECODE(expr, search_expr, result_expr [, search_expr2, result_expr2 ...]\n[default_expr])\n\nIn all modes from MariaDB 10.3.2:\n\nDECODE_ORACLE(expr, search_expr, result_expr [, search_expr2, result_expr2\n...] [default_expr])\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nIn the default mode, DECODE decrypts the encrypted string crypt_str using\npass_str as the password. crypt_str should be a string returned from ENCODE().\nThe resulting string will be the original string only if pass_str is the same.\n\nIn Oracle mode from MariaDB 10.3.2, DECODE compares expr to the search\nexpressions, in order. If it finds a match, the corresponding result\nexpression is returned. If no matches are found, the default expression is\nreturned, or NULL if no default is provided.\n\nNULLs are treated as equivalent.\n\nDECODE_ORACLE is a synonym for the Oracle-mode version of the function, and is\navailable in all modes.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nFrom MariaDB 10.3.2:\n\nSELECT DECODE_ORACLE(2+1,3*1,\'found1\',3*2,\'found2\',\'default\');\n+--------------------------------------------------------+\n| DECODE_ORACLE(2+1,3*1,\'found1\',3*2,\'found2\',\'default\') |\n+--------------------------------------------------------+\n| found1                                                 |\n+--------------------------------------------------------+\n\nSELECT DECODE_ORACLE(2+4,3*1,\'found1\',3*2,\'found2\',\'default\');\n+--------------------------------------------------------+\n| DECODE_ORACLE(2+4,3*1,\'found1\',3*2,\'found2\',\'default\') |\n+--------------------------------------------------------+\n| found2                                                 |\n+--------------------------------------------------------+\n\nSELECT DECODE_ORACLE(2+2,3*1,\'found1\',3*2,\'found2\',\'default\');\n+--------------------------------------------------------+\n| DECODE_ORACLE(2+2,3*1,\'found1\',3*2,\'found2\',\'default\') |\n+--------------------------------------------------------+\n| default                                                |\n+--------------------------------------------------------+\n\nNulls are treated as equivalent:\n\nSELECT DECODE_ORACLE(NULL,NULL,\'Nulls are equivalent\',\'Nulls are not\nequivalent\');\n+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n| DECODE_ORACLE(NULL,NULL,\'Nulls are equivalent\',\'Nulls are not equivalent\') |\n+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n| Nulls are equivalent                                                       |\n+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/decode/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/decode/'),
(127,'AES_DECRYPT',12,'Syntax\n------\n\nAES_DECRYPT(crypt_str,key_str)\n\nFrom MariaDB 11.2.0\n\nAES_ENCRYPT(crypt_str, key_str, [, iv [, mode]])\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nThis function allows decryption of data using the official AES (Advanced\nEncryption Standard) algorithm. For more information, see the description of\nAES_ENCRYPT().\n\nMariaDB starting with 11.2\n--------------------------\nFrom MariaDB 11.2, the function supports an initialization vector, and control\nof the block encryption mode. The default mode is specified by the\nblock_encryption_mode system variable, which can be changed when calling the\nfunction with a mode. mode is aes-{128,192,256}-{ecb,cbc,ctr} for example:\n\"AES-128-cbc\".\n\nFor modes that require it, the initialization_vector iv should be 16 bytes (it\ncan be longer, but the extra bytes are ignored). A shorter iv, where one is\nrequired, results in the function returning NULL. Calling RANDOM_BYTES(16)\nwill generate a random series of bytes that can be used for the iv.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nFrom MariaDB 11.2.0:\n\nSELECT HEX(AES_ENCRYPT(\'foo\', \'bar\', \'0123456789abcdef\', \'aes-128-ctr\')) AS x; \n+--------+\n| x      |\n+--------+\n| C57C4B |\n+--------+\n\nSELECT AES_DECRYPT(x\'C57C4B\', \'bar\', \'0123456789abcdef\', \'aes-128-ctr\'); \n+------------------------------------------------------------------+\n| AES_DECRYPT(x\'C57C4B\', \'bar\', \'0123456789abcdef\', \'aes-128-ctr\') |\n+------------------------------------------------------------------+\n| foo                                                              |\n+------------------------------------------------------------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/aes_decrypt/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/aes_decrypt/'),
(192,'BENCHMARK',17,'Syntax\n------\n\nBENCHMARK(count,expr)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nThe BENCHMARK() function executes the expression expr repeatedly count times.\nIt may be used to time how quickly MariaDB processes the expression. The\nresult value is always 0. The intended use is from within the mariadb client,\nwhich reports query execution times.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT BENCHMARK(1000000,ENCODE(\'hello\',\'goodbye\'));\n+----------------------------------------------+\n| BENCHMARK(1000000,ENCODE(\'hello\',\'goodbye\')) |\n+----------------------------------------------+\n|                                            0 |\n+----------------------------------------------+\n1 row in set (0.21 sec)\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/benchmark/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/benchmark/'),
(193,'BINLOG_GTID_POS',17,'Syntax\n------\n\nBINLOG_GTID_POS(binlog_filename,binlog_offset)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nThe BINLOG_GTID_POS() function takes as input an old-style binary log position\nin the form of a file name and a file offset. It looks up the position in the\ncurrent binlog, and returns a string representation of the corresponding GTID\nposition. If the position is not found in the current binlog, NULL is returned.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT BINLOG_GTID_POS(\"master-bin.000001\", 600);\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/binlog_gtid_pos/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/binlog_gtid_pos/'),
(196,'COLLATION',17,'Syntax\n------\n\nCOLLATION(str)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nReturns the collation of the string argument. If str is not a string, it is\nconsidered as a binary string (so the function returns \'binary\'). This applies\nto NULL, too. The return value is a string in the utf8 character set.\n\nSee Character Sets and Collations.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT COLLATION(\'abc\');\n+-------------------+\n| COLLATION(\'abc\')  |\n+-------------------+\n| latin1_swedish_ci |\n+-------------------+\n\nSELECT COLLATION(_utf8\'abc\');\n+-----------------------+\n| COLLATION(_utf8\'abc\') |\n+-----------------------+\n| utf8_general_ci       |\n+-----------------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/collation/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/collation/'),
(128,'AES_ENCRYPT',12,'Syntax\n------\n\nAES_ENCRYPT(str,key_str)\n\nFrom MariaDB 11.2.0\n\nAES_ENCRYPT(str, key, [, iv [, mode]])\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nAES_ENCRYPT() and AES_DECRYPT() allow encryption and decryption of data using\nthe official AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) algorithm, previously known as\n\"Rijndael.\" Encoding with a 128-bit key length is used (from MariaDB 11.2.0,\nthis is the default, and can be changed). 128 bits is much faster and is\nsecure enough for most purposes.\n\nAES_ENCRYPT() encrypts a string str using the key key_str, and returns a\nbinary string.\n\nAES_DECRYPT() decrypts the encrypted string and returns the original string.\n\nThe input arguments may be any length. If either argument is NULL, the result\nof this function is also NULL.\n\nBecause AES is a block-level algorithm, padding is used to encode uneven\nlength strings and so the result string length may be calculated using this\nformula:\n\n16 x (trunc(string_length / 16) + 1)\n\nIf AES_DECRYPT() detects invalid data or incorrect padding, it returns NULL.\nHowever, it is possible for AES_DECRYPT() to return a non-NULL value (possibly\ngarbage) if the input data or the key is invalid.\n\nMariaDB starting with 11.2\n--------------------------\nFrom MariaDB 11.2, the function supports an initialization vector, and control\nof the block encryption mode. The default mode is specified by the\nblock_encryption_mode system variable, which can be changed when calling the\nfunction with a mode. mode is aes-{128,192,256}-{ecb,cbc,ctr} for example:\n\"AES-128-cbc\".\n\nAES_ENCRYPT(str, key) can no longer be used in persistent virtual columns (and\nthe like).\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nINSERT INTO t VALUES (AES_ENCRYPT(\'text\',SHA2(\'password\',512)));\n\nFrom MariaDB 11.2.0:\n\nSELECT HEX(AES_ENCRYPT(\'foo\', \'bar\', \'0123456789abcdef\', \'aes-256-cbc\')) AS x;\n+----------------------------------+\n| x                                |\n+----------------------------------+\n| 42A3EB91E6DFC40A900D278F99E0726E |\n+----------------------------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/aes_encrypt/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/aes_encrypt/'),
(129,'COMPRESS',12,'Syntax\n------\n\nCOMPRESS(string_to_compress)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nCompresses a string and returns the result as a binary string. This function\nrequires MariaDB to have been compiled with a compression library such as\nzlib. Otherwise, the return value is always NULL. The compressed string can be\nuncompressed with UNCOMPRESS().\n\nThe have_compress server system variable indicates whether a compression\nlibrary is present.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT LENGTH(COMPRESS(REPEAT(\'a\',1000)));\n+------------------------------------+\n| LENGTH(COMPRESS(REPEAT(\'a\',1000))) |\n+------------------------------------+\n|                                 21 |\n+------------------------------------+\n\nSELECT LENGTH(COMPRESS(\'\'));\n+----------------------+\n| LENGTH(COMPRESS(\'\')) |\n+----------------------+\n|                    0 |\n+----------------------+\n\nSELECT LENGTH(COMPRESS(\'a\'));\n+-----------------------+\n| LENGTH(COMPRESS(\'a\')) |\n+-----------------------+\n|                    13 |\n+-----------------------+\n\nSELECT LENGTH(COMPRESS(REPEAT(\'a\',16)));\n+----------------------------------+\n| LENGTH(COMPRESS(REPEAT(\'a\',16))) |\n+----------------------------------+\n|                               15 |\n+----------------------------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/compress/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/compress/'),
(130,'DES_DECRYPT',12,'DES_DECRYPT has been deprecated from MariaDB 10.10.0, and will be removed in a\nfuture release.\n\nSyntax\n------\n\nDES_DECRYPT(crypt_str[,key_str])\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nDecrypts a string encrypted with DES_ENCRYPT(). If an error occurs, this\nfunction returns NULL.\n\nThis function works only if MariaDB has been configured with TLS support.\n\nIf no key_str argument is given, DES_DECRYPT() examines the first byte of the\nencrypted string to determine the DES key number that was used to encrypt the\noriginal string, and then reads the key from the DES key file to decrypt the\nmessage. For this to work, the user must have the SUPER privilege. The key\nfile can be specified with the --des-key-file server option.\n\nIf you pass this function a key_str argument, that string is used as the key\nfor decrypting the message.\n\nIf the crypt_str argument does not appear to be an encrypted string, MariaDB\nreturns the given crypt_str.\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/des_decrypt/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/des_decrypt/'),
(131,'DES_ENCRYPT',12,'DES_ENCRYPT has been deprecated from MariaDB 10.10.0, and will be removed in a\nfuture release.\n\nSyntax\n------\n\nDES_ENCRYPT(str[,{key_num|key_str}])\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nEncrypts the string with the given key using the Triple-DES algorithm.\n\nThis function works only if MariaDB has been configured with TLS support.\n\nThe encryption key to use is chosen based on the second argument to\nDES_ENCRYPT(), if one was given. With no argument, the first key from the DES\nkey file is used. With a key_num argument, the given key number (0-9) from the\nDES key file is used. With a key_str argument, the given key string is used to\nencrypt str.\n\nThe key file can be specified with the --des-key-file server option.\n\nThe return string is a binary string where the first character is CHAR(128 |\nkey_num). If an error occurs, DES_ENCRYPT() returns NULL.\n\nThe 128 is added to make it easier to recognize an encrypted key. If you use a\nstring key, key_num is 127.\n\nThe string length for the result is given by this formula:\n\nnew_len = orig_len + (8 - (orig_len % 8)) + 1\n\nEach line in the DES key file has the following format:\n\nkey_num des_key_str\n\nEach key_num value must be a number in the range from 0 to 9. Lines in the\nfile may be in any order. des_key_str is the string that is used to encrypt\nthe message. There should be at least one space between the number and the\nkey. The first key is the default key that is used if you do not specify any\nkey argument to DES_ENCRYPT().\n\nYou can tell MariaDB to read new key values from the key file with the FLUSH\nDES_KEY_FILE statement. This requires the RELOAD privilege.\n\nOne benefit of having a set of default keys is that it gives applications a\nway to check for the existence of encrypted column values, without giving the\nend user the right to decrypt those values.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT customer_address FROM customer_table \n WHERE crypted_credit_card = DES_ENCRYPT(\'credit_card_number\');\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/des_encrypt/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/des_encrypt/'),
(197,'CONNECTION_ID',17,'Syntax\n------\n\nCONNECTION_ID()\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nReturns the connection ID for the connection. Every connection (including\nevents) has an ID that is unique among the set of currently connected clients.\n\nUntil MariaDB 10.3.1, returns MYSQL_TYPE_LONGLONG, or bigint(10), in all\ncases. From MariaDB 10.3.1, returns MYSQL_TYPE_LONG, or int(10), when the\nresult would fit within 32-bits.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT CONNECTION_ID();\n+-----------------+\n| CONNECTION_ID() |\n+-----------------+\n|               3 |\n+-----------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/connection_id/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/connection_id/'),
(209,'SCHEMA',17,'Syntax\n------\n\nSCHEMA()\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nThis function is a synonym for DATABASE().\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/schema/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/schema/'),
(210,'SESSION_USER',17,'Syntax\n------\n\nSESSION_USER()\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nSESSION_USER() is a synonym for USER().\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/session_user/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/session_user/'),
(132,'ENCODE',12,'Syntax\n------\n\nENCODE(str,pass_str)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nENCODE is not considered cryptographically secure, and should not be used for\npassword encryption.\n\nEncrypt str using pass_str as the password. To decrypt the result, use\nDECODE().\n\nThe result is a binary string of the same length as str.\n\nThe strength of the encryption is based on how good the random generator is.\n\nIt is not recommended to rely on the encryption performed by the ENCODE\nfunction. Using a salt value (changed when a password is updated) will improve\nmatters somewhat, but for storing passwords, consider a more cryptographically\nsecure function, such as SHA2().\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nENCODE(\'not so secret text\', CONCAT(\'random_salt\',\'password\'))\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/encode/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/encode/'),
(133,'ENCRYPT',12,'Syntax\n------\n\nENCRYPT(str[,salt])\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nEncrypts a string using the Unix crypt() system call, returning an encrypted\nbinary string. The salt argument should be a string with at least two\ncharacters or the returned result will be NULL. If no salt argument is given,\na random value of sufficient length is used.\n\nIt is not recommended to use ENCRYPT() with utf16, utf32 or ucs2 multi-byte\ncharacter sets because the crypt() system call expects a string terminated\nwith a zero byte.\n\nNote that the underlying crypt() system call may have some limitations, such\nas ignoring all but the first eight characters.\n\nIf the have_crypt system variable is set to NO (because the crypt() system\ncall is not available), the ENCRYPT function will always return NULL.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT ENCRYPT(\'encrypt me\');\n+-----------------------+\n| ENCRYPT(\'encrypt me\') |\n+-----------------------+\n| 4I5BsEx0lqTDk         |\n+-----------------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/encrypt/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/encrypt/'),
(135,'OLD_PASSWORD',12,'Syntax\n------\n\nOLD_PASSWORD(str)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nOLD_PASSWORD() was added to MySQL when the implementation of PASSWORD() was\nchanged to improve security. OLD_PASSWORD() returns the value of the old\n(pre-MySQL 4.1) implementation of PASSWORD() as a string, and is intended to\npermit you to reset passwords for any pre-4.1 clients that need to connect to\na more recent MySQL server version, or any version of MariaDB, without locking\nthem out.\n\nAs of MariaDB 5.5, the return value is a nonbinary string in the connection\ncharacter set and collation, determined by the values of the\ncharacter_set_connection and collation_connection system variables. Before\n5.5, the return value was a binary string.\n\nThe return value is 16 bytes in length, or NULL if the argument was NULL.\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/old_password/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/old_password/'),
(136,'PASSWORD',12,'Syntax\n------\n\nPASSWORD(str)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nThe PASSWORD() function is used for hashing passwords for use in\nauthentication by the MariaDB server. It is not intended for use in other\napplications.\n\nCalculates and returns a hashed password string from the plaintext password\nstr. Returns an empty string (>= MariaDB 10.0.4) if the argument was NULL.\n\nThe return value is a nonbinary string in the connection character set and\ncollation, determined by the values of the character_set_connection and\ncollation_connection system variables.\n\nThis is the function that is used for hashing MariaDB passwords for storage in\nthe Password column of the user table (see privileges), usually used with the\nSET PASSWORD statement. It is not intended for use in other applications.\n\nUntil MariaDB 10.3, the return value is 41-bytes in length, and the first\ncharacter is always \'*\'. From MariaDB 10.4, the function takes into account\nthe authentication plugin where applicable (A CREATE USER or SET PASSWORD\nstatement). For example, when used in conjunction with a user authenticated by\nthe ed25519 plugin, the statement will create a longer hash:\n\nCREATE USER edtest@localhost IDENTIFIED VIA ed25519 USING PASSWORD(\'secret\');\n\nCREATE USER edtest2@localhost IDENTIFIED BY \'secret\';\n\nSELECT CONCAT(user, \'@\', host, \' => \', JSON_DETAILED(priv)) FROM\nmysql.global_priv\n WHERE user LIKE \'edtest%\'\\G\n*************************** 1. row ***************************\nCONCAT(user, \'@\', host, \' => \', JSON_DETAILED(priv)): edtest@localhost => {\n...\n  \"plugin\": \"ed25519\",\n  \"authentication_string\": \"ZIgUREUg5PVgQ6LskhXmO+eZLS0nC8be6HPjYWR4YJY\",\n...\n}\n*************************** 2. row ***************************\nCONCAT(user, \'@\', host, \' => \', JSON_DETAILED(priv)): edtest2@localhost => {\n...\n  \"plugin\": \"mysql_native_password\",\n  \"authentication_string\": \"*14E65567ABDB5135D0CFD9A70B3032C179A49EE7\",\n...\n}\n\nThe behavior of this function is affected by the value of the old_passwords\nsystem variable. If this is set to 1 (0 is default), MariaDB reverts to using\nthe mysql_old_password authentication plugin by default for newly created\nusers and passwords.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT PASSWORD(\'notagoodpwd\');\n+-------------------------------------------+\n| PASSWORD(\'notagoodpwd\')                   |\n+-------------------------------------------+\n| *3A70EE9FC6594F88CE9E959CD51C5A1C002DC937 |\n+-------------------------------------------+\n\nSET PASSWORD FOR \'bob\'@\'%.loc.gov\' = PASSWORD(\'newpass\');\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/password/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/password/'),
(211,'SYSTEM_USER',17,'Syntax\n------\n\nSYSTEM_USER()\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nSYSTEM_USER() is a synonym for USER().\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/system_user/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/system_user/'),
(214,'Assignment Operator (:=)',18,'Syntax\n------\n\nvar_name := expr\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nAssignment operator for assigning a value. The value on the right is assigned\nto the variable on left.\n\nUnlike the = operator, := can always be used to assign a value to a variable.\n\nThis operator works with both user-defined variables and local variables.\n\nWhen assigning the same value to several variables, LAST_VALUE() can be useful.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT @x := 10;\n+----------+\n| @x := 10 |\n+----------+\n|       10 |\n+----------+\n\nSELECT @x, @y := @x;\n+------+----------+\n| @x   | @y := @x |\n+------+----------+\n|   10 |       10 |\n+------+----------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/assignment-operator/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/assignment-operator/'),
(225,'GREATEST',19,'Syntax\n------\n\nGREATEST(value1,value2,...)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nWith two or more arguments, returns the largest (maximum-valued) argument. The\narguments are compared using the same rules as for LEAST().\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT GREATEST(2,0);\n+---------------+\n| GREATEST(2,0) |\n+---------------+\n|             2 |\n+---------------+\n\nSELECT GREATEST(34.0,3.0,5.0,767.0);\n+------------------------------+\n| GREATEST(34.0,3.0,5.0,767.0) |\n+------------------------------+\n|                        767.0 |\n+------------------------------+\n\nSELECT GREATEST(\'B\',\'A\',\'C\');\n+-----------------------+\n| GREATEST(\'B\',\'A\',\'C\') |\n+-----------------------+\n| C                     |\n+-----------------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/greatest/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/greatest/'),
(230,'IS NOT NULL',19,'Syntax\n------\n\nIS NOT NULL\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nTests whether a value is not NULL. See also NULL Values in MariaDB.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT 1 IS NOT NULL, 0 IS NOT NULL, NULL IS NOT NULL;\n+---------------+---------------+------------------+\n| 1 IS NOT NULL | 0 IS NOT NULL | NULL IS NOT NULL |\n+---------------+---------------+------------------+\n|             1 |             1 |                0 |\n+---------------+---------------+------------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/is-not-null/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/is-not-null/'),
(137,'RANDOM_BYTES',12,'MariaDB starting with 10.10.0\n-----------------------------\nThe RANDOM_BYTES function generates a binary string of random bytes. It was\nadded in MariaDB 10.10.0.\n\nSyntax\n------\n\nRANDOM_BYTES(length)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nGiven a length from 1 to 1024, generates a binary string of length consisting\nof random bytes generated by the SSL library\'s random number generator.\n\nSee the RAND_bytes() function documentation of your SSL library for\ninformation on the random number generator. In the case of OpenSSL, a\ncryptographically secure pseudo random generator (CSPRNG) is used.\n\nStatements containing the RANDOM_BYTES function are unsafe for statement-based\nreplication.\n\nAn error occurs if length is outside the range 1 to 1024.\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/random_bytes/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/random_bytes/'),
(138,'SHA1',12,'Syntax\n------\n\nSHA1(str), SHA(str)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nCalculates an SHA-1 160-bit checksum for the string str, as described in RFC\n3174 (Secure Hash Algorithm).\n\nThe value is returned as a string of 40 hex digits, or NULL if the argument\nwas NULL. As of MariaDB 5.5, the return value is a nonbinary string in the\nconnection character set and collation, determined by the values of the\ncharacter_set_connection and collation_connection system variables. Before\n5.5, the return value was a binary string.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT SHA1(\'some boring text\');\n+------------------------------------------+\n| SHA1(\'some boring text\')                 |\n+------------------------------------------+\n| af969fc2085b1bb6d31e517d5c456def5cdd7093 |\n+------------------------------------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/sha1/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/sha1/'),
(139,'SHA2',12,'Syntax\n------\n\nSHA2(str,hash_len)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nGiven a string str, calculates an SHA-2 checksum, which is considered more\ncryptographically secure than its SHA-1 equivalent. The SHA-2 family includes\nSHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384, and SHA-512, and the hash_len must correspond to\none of these, i.e. 224, 256, 384 or 512. 0 is equivalent to 256.\n\nThe return value is a nonbinary string in the connection character set and\ncollation, determined by the values of the character_set_connection and\ncollation_connection system variables.\n\nNULL is returned if the hash length is not valid, or the string str is NULL.\n\nSHA2 will only work if MariaDB was has been configured with TLS support.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT SHA2(\'Maria\',224);\n+----------------------------------------------------------+\n| SHA2(\'Maria\',224)                                        |\n+----------------------------------------------------------+\n| 6cc67add32286412efcab9d0e1675a43a5c2ef3cec8879f81516ff83 |\n+----------------------------------------------------------+\n\nSELECT SHA2(\'Maria\',256);\n+------------------------------------------------------------------+\n| SHA2(\'Maria\',256)                                                |\n+------------------------------------------------------------------+\n| 9ff18ebe7449349f358e3af0b57cf7a032c1c6b2272cb2656ff85eb112232f16 |\n+------------------------------------------------------------------+\n\nSELECT SHA2(\'Maria\',0);\n+------------------------------------------------------------------+\n| SHA2(\'Maria\',0)                                                  |\n+------------------------------------------------------------------+\n| 9ff18ebe7449349f358e3af0b57cf7a032c1c6b2272cb2656ff85eb112232f16 |\n+------------------------------------------------------------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/sha2/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/sha2/'),
(150,'INET6_ATON',14,'Syntax\n------\n\nINET6_ATON(expr)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nGiven an IPv6 or IPv4 network address as a string, returns a binary string\nthat represents the numeric value of the address.\n\nNo trailing zone ID\'s or traling network masks are permitted. For IPv4\naddresses, or IPv6 addresses with IPv4 address parts, no classful addresses or\ntrailing port numbers are permitted and octal numbers are not supported.\n\nThe returned binary string will be VARBINARY(16) or VARBINARY(4) for IPv6 and\nIPv4 addresses respectively.\n\nReturns NULL if the argument is not understood.\n\nMariaDB starting with 10.5.0\n----------------------------\nFrom MariaDB 10.5.0, INET6_ATON can take INET6 as an argument.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT HEX(INET6_ATON(\'10.0.1.1\'));\n+-----------------------------+\n| HEX(INET6_ATON(\'10.0.1.1\')) |\n+-----------------------------+\n| 0A000101                    |\n+-----------------------------+\n\nSELECT HEX(INET6_ATON(\'48f3::d432:1431:ba23:846f\'));\n+----------------------------------------------+\n| HEX(INET6_ATON(\'48f3::d432:1431:ba23:846f\')) |\n+----------------------------------------------+\n| 48F3000000000000D4321431BA23846F             |\n+----------------------------------------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/inet6_aton/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/inet6_aton/'),
(232,'ISNULL',19,'Syntax\n------\n\nISNULL(expr)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nIf expr is NULL, ISNULL() returns 1, otherwise it returns 0.\n\nSee also NULL Values in MariaDB.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT ISNULL(1+1);\n+-------------+\n| ISNULL(1+1) |\n+-------------+\n|           0 |\n+-------------+\n\nSELECT ISNULL(1/0);\n+-------------+\n| ISNULL(1/0) |\n+-------------+\n|           1 |\n+-------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/isnull/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/isnull/'),
(236,'&',20,'Syntax\n------\n\n&\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nBitwise AND. Converts the values to binary and compares bits. Only if both the\ncorresponding bits are 1 is the resulting bit also 1.\n\nSee also bitwise OR.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT 2&1;\n+-----+\n| 2&1 |\n+-----+\n|   0 |\n+-----+\n\nSELECT 3&1;\n+-----+\n| 3&1 |\n+-----+\n|   1 |\n+-----+\n\nSELECT 29 & 15;\n+---------+\n| 29 & 15 |\n+---------+\n|      13 |\n+---------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/bitwise_and/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/bitwise_and/'),
(237,'<<',20,'Syntax\n------\n\nvalue1 << value2\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nConverts a longlong (BIGINT) number (value1) to binary and shifts value2 units\nto the left.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT 1 << 2;\n+--------+\n| 1 << 2 |\n+--------+\n|      4 |\n+--------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/shift-left/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/shift-left/'),
(238,'>>',20,'Syntax\n------\n\nvalue1 >> value2\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nConverts a longlong (BIGINT) number (value1) to binary and shifts value2 units\nto the right.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT 4 >> 2;\n+--------+\n| 4 >> 2 |\n+--------+\n|      1 |\n+--------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/shift-right/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/shift-right/'),
(239,'BIT_COUNT',20,'Syntax\n------\n\nBIT_COUNT(N)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nReturns the number of bits that are set in the argument N.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT BIT_COUNT(29), BIT_COUNT(b\'101010\');\n+---------------+----------------------+\n| BIT_COUNT(29) | BIT_COUNT(b\'101010\') |\n+---------------+----------------------+\n|             4 |                    3 |\n+---------------+----------------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/bit_count/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/bit_count/'),
(240,'^',20,'Syntax\n------\n\n^\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nBitwise XOR. Converts the values to binary and compares bits. If one (and only\none) of the corresponding bits is 1 is the resulting bit also 1.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT 1 ^ 1;\n+-------+\n| 1 ^ 1 |\n+-------+\n|     0 |\n+-------+\n\nSELECT 1 ^ 0;\n+-------+\n| 1 ^ 0 |\n+-------+\n|     1 |\n+-------+\n\nSELECT 11 ^ 3;\n+--------+\n| 11 ^ 3 |\n+--------+\n|      8 |\n+--------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/bitwise-xor/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/bitwise-xor/'),
(149,'GET_LOCK',14,'Syntax\n------\n\nGET_LOCK(str,timeout)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nTries to obtain a lock with a name given by the string str, using a timeout of\ntimeout seconds. Returns 1 if the lock was obtained successfully, 0 if the\nattempt timed out (for example, because another client has previously locked\nthe name), or NULL if an error occurred (such as running out of memory or the\nthread was killed with mariadb-admin kill).\n\nA lock is released with RELEASE_LOCK(), when the connection terminates (either\nnormally or abnormally). A connection can hold multiple locks at the same\ntime, so a lock that is no longer needed needs to be explicitly released.\n\nThe IS_FREE_LOCK function returns whether a specified lock a free or not, and\nthe IS_USED_LOCK whether the function is in use or not.\n\nLocks obtained with GET_LOCK() do not interact with transactions. That is,\ncommitting a transaction does not release any such locks obtained during the\ntransaction.\n\nIt is also possible to recursively set the same lock. If a lock with the same\nname is set n times, it needs to be released n times as well.\n\nstr is case insensitive for GET_LOCK() and related functions. If str is an\nempty string or NULL, GET_LOCK() returns NULL and does nothing. timeout\nsupports microseconds.\n\nIf the metadata_lock_info plugin is installed, locks acquired with this\nfunction are visible in the Information Schema METADATA_LOCK_INFO table.\n\nThis function can be used to implement application locks or to simulate record\nlocks. Names are locked on a server-wide basis. If a name has been locked by\none client, GET_LOCK() blocks any request by another client for a lock with\nthe same name. This allows clients that agree on a given lock name to use the\nname to perform cooperative advisory locking. But be aware that it also allows\na client that is not among the set of cooperating clients to lock a name,\neither inadvertently or deliberately, and thus prevent any of the cooperating\nclients from locking that name. One way to reduce the likelihood of this is to\nuse lock names that are database-specific or application-specific. For\nexample, use lock names of the form db_name.str or app_name.str.\n\nStatements using the GET_LOCK function are not safe for statement-based\nreplication.\n\nThe patch to permit multiple locks was contributed by Konstantin \"Kostja\"\nOsipov (MDEV-3917).\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT GET_LOCK(\'lock1\',10);\n+----------------------+\n| GET_LOCK(\'lock1\',10) |\n+----------------------+\n|                    1 |\n+----------------------+\n\nSELECT IS_FREE_LOCK(\'lock1\'), IS_USED_LOCK(\'lock1\');\n+-----------------------+-----------------------+\n| IS_FREE_LOCK(\'lock1\') | IS_USED_LOCK(\'lock1\') |\n+-----------------------+-----------------------+\n|                     0 |                    46 |\n+-----------------------+-----------------------+\n\nSELECT IS_FREE_LOCK(\'lock2\'), IS_USED_LOCK(\'lock2\');\n+-----------------------+-----------------------+\n| IS_FREE_LOCK(\'lock2\') | IS_USED_LOCK(\'lock2\') |\n+-----------------------+-----------------------+\n|                     1 |                  NULL |\n+-----------------------+-----------------------+\n\nMultiple locks can be held:\n\nSELECT GET_LOCK(\'lock2\',10);\n+----------------------+\n| GET_LOCK(\'lock2\',10) |\n+----------------------+\n|                    1 |\n+----------------------+\n\nSELECT IS_FREE_LOCK(\'lock1\'), IS_FREE_LOCK(\'lock2\');\n+-----------------------+-----------------------+\n| IS_FREE_LOCK(\'lock1\') | IS_FREE_LOCK(\'lock2\') |\n+-----------------------+-----------------------+\n|                     0 |                     0 |\n+-----------------------+-----------------------+\n\nSELECT RELEASE_LOCK(\'lock1\'), RELEASE_LOCK(\'lock2\');\n+-----------------------+-----------------------+\n| RELEASE_LOCK(\'lock1\') | RELEASE_LOCK(\'lock2\') |\n+-----------------------+-----------------------+\n|                     1 |                     1 |\n+-----------------------+-----------------------+\n\nIt is possible to hold the same lock recursively. This example is viewed using\nthe metadata_lock_info plugin:\n\nSELECT GET_LOCK(\'lock3\',10);\n+----------------------+\n| GET_LOCK(\'lock3\',10) |\n+----------------------+\n|                    1 |\n+----------------------+\n\nSELECT GET_LOCK(\'lock3\',10);\n+----------------------+\n| GET_LOCK(\'lock3\',10) |\n+----------------------+\n|                    1 |\n+----------------------+\n\nSELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.METADATA_LOCK_INFO;\n+-----------+---------------------+---------------+-----------+--------------+-\n----------+\n| THREAD_ID | LOCK_MODE           | LOCK_DURATION | LOCK_TYPE | TABLE_SCHEMA |\nTABLE_NAME |\n+-----------+---------------------+---------------+-----------+--------------+-\n----------+\n|        46 | MDL_SHARED_NO_WRITE | NULL          | User lock | lock3        |\n     |\n+-----------+---------------------+---------------+-----------+--------------+-\n----------+\n\nSELECT RELEASE_LOCK(\'lock3\');\n+-----------------------+\n| RELEASE_LOCK(\'lock3\') |\n+-----------------------+\n|                     1 |\n+-----------------------+\n\nSELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.METADATA_LOCK_INFO;\n+-----------+---------------------+---------------+-----------+--------------+-\n----------+\n| THREAD_ID | LOCK_MODE           | LOCK_DURATION | LOCK_TYPE | TABLE_SCHEMA |\nTABLE_NAME |\n+-----------+---------------------+---------------+-----------+--------------+-\n----------+\n|        46 | MDL_SHARED_NO_WRITE | NULL          | User lock | lock3        |\n     |\n+-----------+---------------------+---------------+-----------+--------------+-\n----------+\n\nSELECT RELEASE_LOCK(\'lock3\');\n+-----------------------+\n| RELEASE_LOCK(\'lock3\') |\n+-----------------------+\n|                     1 |\n+-----------------------+\n\nSELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.METADATA_LOCK_INFO;\nEmpty set (0.000 sec)\n\nTimeout example: Connection 1:\n\nSELECT GET_LOCK(\'lock4\',10);\n+----------------------+\n| GET_LOCK(\'lock4\',10) |\n+----------------------+\n|                    1 |\n+----------------------+\n\nConnection 2:\n\nSELECT GET_LOCK(\'lock4\',10);\n\nAfter 10 seconds...\n\n+----------------------+\n| GET_LOCK(\'lock4\',10) |\n+----------------------+\n|                    0 |\n+----------------------+\n\nDeadlocks are automatically detected and resolved. Connection 1:\n\nSELECT GET_LOCK(\'lock5\',10); \n+----------------------+\n| GET_LOCK(\'lock5\',10) |\n+----------------------+\n|                    1 |\n+----------------------+\n\nConnection 2:\n\nSELECT GET_LOCK(\'lock6\',10);\n+----------------------+\n| GET_LOCK(\'lock6\',10) |\n+----------------------+\n|                    1 |\n+----------------------+\n\nConnection 1:\n\nSELECT GET_LOCK(\'lock6\',10); \n+----------------------+\n| GET_LOCK(\'lock6\',10) |\n+----------------------+\n|                    0 |\n+----------------------+\n\nConnection 2:\n\nSELECT GET_LOCK(\'lock5\',10);\nERROR 1213 (40001): Deadlock found when trying to get lock; try restarting\ntransaction\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/get_lock/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/get_lock/'),
(241,'|',20,'Syntax\n------\n\n|\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nBitwise OR. Converts the values to binary and compares bits. If either of the\ncorresponding bits has a value of 1, the resulting bit is also 1.\n\nSee also bitwise AND.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT 2|1;\n+-----+\n| 2|1 |\n+-----+\n|   3 |\n+-----+\n\nSELECT 29 | 15;\n+---------+\n| 29 | 15 |\n+---------+\n|      31 |\n+---------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/bitwise-or/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/bitwise-or/'),
(151,'INET6_NTOA',14,'Syntax\n------\n\nINET6_NTOA(expr)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nGiven an IPv6 or IPv4 network address as a numeric binary string, returns the\naddress as a nonbinary string in the connection character set.\n\nThe return string is lowercase, and is platform independent, since it does not\nuse functions specific to the operating system. It has a maximum length of 39\ncharacters.\n\nReturns NULL if the argument is not understood.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT INET6_NTOA(UNHEX(\'0A000101\'));\n+-------------------------------+\n| INET6_NTOA(UNHEX(\'0A000101\')) |\n+-------------------------------+\n| 10.0.1.1                      |\n+-------------------------------+\n\nSELECT INET6_NTOA(UNHEX(\'48F3000000000000D4321431BA23846F\'));\n+-------------------------------------------------------+\n| INET6_NTOA(UNHEX(\'48F3000000000000D4321431BA23846F\')) |\n+-------------------------------------------------------+\n| 48f3::d432:1431:ba23:846f                             |\n+-------------------------------------------------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/inet6_ntoa/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/inet6_ntoa/'),
(155,'IS_IPV4',14,'Syntax\n------\n\nIS_IPV4(expr)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nIf the expression is a valid IPv4 address, returns 1, otherwise returns 0.\n\nIS_IPV4() is stricter than INET_ATON(), but as strict as INET6_ATON(), in\ndetermining the validity of an IPv4 address. This implies that if IS_IPV4\nreturns 1, the same expression will always return a non-NULL result when\npassed to INET_ATON(), but that the reverse may not apply.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT IS_IPV4(\'1110.0.1.1\');\n+-----------------------+\n| IS_IPV4(\'1110.0.1.1\') |\n+-----------------------+\n|                     0 |\n+-----------------------+\n\nSELECT IS_IPV4(\'48f3::d432:1431:ba23:846f\');\n+--------------------------------------+\n| IS_IPV4(\'48f3::d432:1431:ba23:846f\') |\n+--------------------------------------+\n|                                    0 |\n+--------------------------------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/is_ipv4/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/is_ipv4/'),
(156,'IS_IPV4_COMPAT',14,'Syntax\n------\n\nIS_IPV4_COMPAT(expr)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nReturns 1 if a given numeric binary string IPv6 address, such as returned by\nINET6_ATON(), is IPv4-compatible, otherwise returns 0.\n\nMariaDB starting with 10.5.0\n----------------------------\nFrom MariaDB 10.5.0, when the argument is not INET6, automatic implicit CAST\nto INET6 is applied. As a consequence, IS_IPV4_COMPAT now understands\narguments in both text representation and binary(16) representation. Before\nMariaDB 10.5.0, the function understood only binary(16) representation.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT IS_IPV4_COMPAT(INET6_ATON(\'::10.0.1.1\'));\n+------------------------------------------+\n| IS_IPV4_COMPAT(INET6_ATON(\'::10.0.1.1\')) |\n+------------------------------------------+\n|                                        1 |\n+------------------------------------------+\n\nSELECT IS_IPV4_COMPAT(INET6_ATON(\'::48f3::d432:1431:ba23:846f\'));\n+-----------------------------------------------------------+\n| IS_IPV4_COMPAT(INET6_ATON(\'::48f3::d432:1431:ba23:846f\')) |\n+-----------------------------------------------------------+\n|                                                         0 |\n+-----------------------------------------------------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/is_ipv4_compat/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/is_ipv4_compat/'),
(157,'IS_IPV4_MAPPED',14,'Syntax\n------\n\nIS_IPV4_MAPPED(expr)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nReturns 1 if a given a numeric binary string IPv6 address, such as returned by\nINET6_ATON(), is a valid IPv4-mapped address, otherwise returns 0.\n\nMariaDB starting with 10.5.0\n----------------------------\nFrom MariaDB 10.5.0, when the argument is not INET6, automatic implicit CAST\nto INET6 is applied. As a consequence, IS_IPV4_MAPPED now understands\narguments in both text representation and binary(16) representation. Before\nMariaDB 10.5.0, the function understood only binary(16) representation.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT IS_IPV4_MAPPED(INET6_ATON(\'::10.0.1.1\'));\n+------------------------------------------+\n| IS_IPV4_MAPPED(INET6_ATON(\'::10.0.1.1\')) |\n+------------------------------------------+\n|                                        0 |\n+------------------------------------------+\n\nSELECT IS_IPV4_MAPPED(INET6_ATON(\'::ffff:10.0.1.1\'));\n+-----------------------------------------------+\n| IS_IPV4_MAPPED(INET6_ATON(\'::ffff:10.0.1.1\')) |\n+-----------------------------------------------+\n|                                             1 |\n+-----------------------------------------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/is_ipv4_mapped/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/is_ipv4_mapped/'),
(161,'MASTER_POS_WAIT',14,'Syntax\n------\n\nMASTER_POS_WAIT(log_name,log_pos[,timeout,[\"connection_name\"]])\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nThis function is useful in replication for controlling primary/replica\nsynchronization. It blocks until the replica has read and applied all updates\nup to the specified position (log_name,log_pos) in the primary log. The return\nvalue is the number of log events the replica had to wait for to advance to\nthe specified position. The function returns NULL if the replica SQL thread is\nnot started, the replica\'s primary information is not initialized, the\narguments are incorrect, or an error occurs. It returns -1 if the timeout has\nbeen exceeded. If the replica SQL thread stops while MASTER_POS_WAIT() is\nwaiting, the function returns NULL. If the replica is past the specified\nposition, the function returns immediately.\n\nIf a timeout value is specified, MASTER_POS_WAIT() stops waiting when timeout\nseconds have elapsed. timeout must be greater than 0; a zero or negative\ntimeout means no timeout.\n\nThe connection_name is used when you are using multi-source-replication. If\nyou don\'t specify it, it\'s set to the value of the default_master_connection\nsystem variable.\n\nStatements using the MASTER_POS_WAIT() function are not safe for replication.\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/master_pos_wait/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/master_pos_wait/'),
(242,'~',20,'Syntax\n------\n\n~\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nBitwise NOT. Converts the value to 4 bytes binary and inverts all bits.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT 3 & ~1;\n+--------+\n| 3 & ~1 |\n+--------+\n|      2 |\n+--------+\n\nSELECT 5 & ~1;\n+--------+\n| 5 & ~1 |\n+--------+\n|      4 |\n+--------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/bitwise-not/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/bitwise-not/'),
(244,'TRUE FALSE',20,'Description\n-----------\n\nThe constants TRUE and FALSE evaluate to 1 and 0, respectively. The constant\nnames can be written in any lettercase.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT TRUE, true, FALSE, false;\n+------+------+-------+-------+\n| TRUE | TRUE | FALSE | FALSE |\n+------+------+-------+-------+\n|    1 |    1 |     0 |     0 |\n+------+------+-------+-------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/true-false/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/true-false/'),
(247,'CHECK VIEW',21,'Syntax\n------\n\nCHECK VIEW view_name\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nThe CHECK VIEW statement was introduced in MariaDB 10.0.18 to assist with\nfixing MDEV-6916, an issue introduced in MariaDB 5.2 where the view algorithms\nwere swapped. It checks whether the view algorithm is correct. It is run as\npart of mariadb-upgrade, and should not normally be required in regular use.\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/check-view/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/check-view/'),
(160,'MASTER_GTID_WAIT',14,'Syntax\n------\n\nMASTER_GTID_WAIT(gtid-list[, timeout)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nThis function takes a string containing a comma-separated list of global\ntransaction id\'s (similar to the value of, for example, gtid_binlog_pos). It\nwaits until the value of gtid_slave_pos has the same or higher seq_no within\nall replication domains specified in the gtid-list; in other words, it waits\nuntil the slave has reached the specified GTID position.\n\nAn optional second argument gives a timeout in seconds. If the timeout expires\nbefore the specified GTID position is reached, then the function returns -1.\nPassing NULL or a negative number for the timeout means no timeout, and the\nfunction will wait indefinitely.\n\nIf the wait completes without a timeout, 0 is returned. Passing NULL for the\ngtid-list makes the function return NULL immediately, without waiting.\n\nThe gtid-list may be the empty string, in which case MASTER_GTID_WAIT()\nreturns immediately. If the gtid-list contains fewer domains than\ngtid_slave_pos, then only those domains are waited upon. If gtid-list contains\na domain that is not present in @@gtid_slave_pos, then MASTER_GTID_WAIT() will\nwait until an event containing such domain_id arrives on the slave (or until\ntimed out or killed).\n\nMASTER_GTID_WAIT() can be useful to ensure that a slave has caught up to a\nmaster. Simply take the value of gtid_binlog_pos on the master, and use it in\na MASTER_GTID_WAIT() call on the slave; when the call completes, the slave\nwill have caught up with that master position.\n\nMASTER_GTID_WAIT() can also be used in client applications together with the\nlast_gtid session variable. This is useful in a read-scaleout replication\nsetup, where the application writes to a single master but divides the reads\nout to a number of slaves to distribute the load. In such a setup, there is a\nrisk that an application could first do an update on the master, and then a\nbit later do a read on a slave, and if the slave is not fast enough, the data\nread from the slave might not include the update just made, possibly confusing\nthe application and/or the end-user. One way to avoid this is to request the\nvalue of last_gtid on the master just after the update. Then before doing the\nread on the slave, do a MASTER_GTID_WAIT() on the value obtained from the\nmaster; this will ensure that the read is not performed until the slave has\nreplicated sufficiently far for the update to have become visible.\n\nNote that MASTER_GTID_WAIT() can be used even if the slave is configured not\nto use GTID for connections (CHANGE MASTER TO master_use_gtid=no). This is\nbecause from MariaDB 10, GTIDs are always logged on the master server, and\nalways recorded on the slave servers.\n\nDifferences to MASTER_POS_WAIT()\n--------------------------------\n\n* MASTER_GTID_WAIT() is global; it waits for any master connection to reach\n the specified GTID position. MASTER_POS_WAIT() works only against a\n specific connection. This also means that while MASTER_POS_WAIT() aborts if\n its master connection is terminated with STOP SLAVE or due to an error,\n MASTER_GTID_WAIT() continues to wait while slaves are stopped.\n\n* MASTER_GTID_WAIT() can take its timeout as a floating-point value, so a\n timeout in fractional seconds is supported, eg. MASTER_GTID_WAIT(\"0-1-100\",\n 0.5). (The minimum wait is one microsecond, 0.000001 seconds).\n\n* MASTER_GTID_WAIT() allows one to specify a timeout of zero in order to do a\n non-blocking check to see if the slaves have progressed to a specific GTID\nposition\n (MASTER_POS_WAIT() takes a zero timeout as meaning an infinite wait). To do\n an infinite MASTER_GTID_WAIT(), specify a negative timeout, or omit the\n timeout argument.\n\n* MASTER_GTID_WAIT() does not return the number of events executed since the\n wait started, nor does it return NULL if a slave thread is stopped. It\n always returns either 0 for successful wait completed, or -1 for timeout\n reached (or NULL if the specified gtid-pos is NULL).\n\nSince MASTER_GTID_WAIT() looks only at the seq_no part of the GTIDs, not the\nserver_id, care is needed if a slave becomes diverged from another server so\nthat two different GTIDs with the same seq_no (in the same domain) arrive at\nthe same server. This situation is in any case best avoided; setting\ngtid_strict_mode is recommended, as this will prevent any such out-of-order\nsequence numbers from ever being replicated on a slave.\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/master_gtid_wait/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/master_gtid_wait/'),
(163,'RELEASE_ALL_LOCKS',14,'MariaDB until 10.5.2\n--------------------\nRELEASE_ALL_LOCKS was added in MariaDB 10.5.2.\n\nSyntax\n------\n\nRELEASE_ALL_LOCKS()\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nReleases all named locks held by the current session. Returns the number of\nlocks released, or 0 if none were held.\n\nStatements using the RELEASE_ALL_LOCKS function are not safe for\nstatement-based replication.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT RELEASE_ALL_LOCKS();\n+---------------------+\n| RELEASE_ALL_LOCKS() | \n+---------------------+\n|                   0 |\n+---------------------+\n\nSELECT GET_LOCK(\'lock1\',10);\n+----------------------+\n| GET_LOCK(\'lock1\',10) |\n+----------------------+\n|                    1 |\n+----------------------+\n\nSELECT RELEASE_ALL_LOCKS();\n+---------------------+\n| RELEASE_ALL_LOCKS() | \n+---------------------+\n|                   1 |\n+---------------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/release_all_locks/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/release_all_locks/'),
(272,'BLOB and TEXT Data Types',23,'Description\n-----------\n\nA BLOB is a binary large object that can hold a variable amount of data. The\nfour BLOB types are\n\n* TINYBLOB,\n* BLOB, \n* MEDIUMBLOB, and\n* LONGBLOB.\n\nThese differ only in the maximum length of the values they can hold.\n\nThe TEXT types are\n\n* TINYTEXT,\n* TEXT,\n* MEDIUMTEXT, and\n* LONGTEXT.\n* JSON (alias for LONGTEXT)\n\nThese correspond to the four BLOB types and have the same maximum lengths and\nstorage requirements.\n\nBLOB and TEXT columns can have a DEFAULT value.\n\nMariaDB starting with 10.4.3\n----------------------------\nFrom MariaDB 10.4, it is possible to set a unique index on columns that use\nthe BLOB or TEXT data types.\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/blob-and-text-data-types/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/blob-and-text-data-types/'),
(274,'CHAR BYTE',23,'Description\n-----------\n\nThe CHAR BYTE data type is an alias for the BINARY data type. This is a\ncompatibility feature.\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/char-byte/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/char-byte/'),
(277,'INET6',23,'MariaDB starting with 10.5.0\n----------------------------\nThe INET6 data type was added in MariaDB 10.5.0\n\nSyntax\n------\n\nINET6\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nThe INET6 data type is intended for storage of IPv6 addresses, as well as IPv4\naddresses assuming conventional mapping of IPv4 addresses into IPv6 addresses.\n\nBoth short and long IPv6 notation are permitted, according to RFC-5952.\n\n* Values are stored as a 16-byte fixed length binary string, with most\nsignificant byte first.\n* Storage engines see INET6 as BINARY(16).\n* Clients see INET6 as CHAR(39) and get text representation on retrieval.\n\nThe IPv4-compatible notation is considered as deprecated. It is supported for\ncompatibility with the INET6_ATON function, which also understands this\nformat. It\'s recommended to use the mapped format to store IPv4 addresses in\nINET6.\n\nWhen an IPv4 mapped (or compatible) value is stored in INET6, it still\noccupies 16 bytes:\n\nRetrieval\n---------\n\nOn retrieval, in the client-server text protocol, INET6 values are converted\nto the short text representation, according to RFC-5952, that is with all\nleading zeroes in each group removed and with consequent zero groups\ncompressed.\n\nBesides creating one\'s own stored function, there is no a way to retrieve an\nINET6 value using long text representation.\n\nCasting\n-------\n\n* CAST from a character string to INET6 understands addresses in short or long\ntext notation (including IPv4 mapped and compatible addresses). NULL is\nreturned if the format is not understood.\n* CAST from a binary string to INET6 requires a 16-byte string as an argument.\nNULL is returned if the argument length is not equal to 16.\n* CAST from other data types to INET6 first converts data to a character\nstring, then CAST from character string to INET6 is applied.\n* CAST from INET6 to CHAR returns short text address notation.\n* CAST from INET6 to BINARY returns its 16-byte binary string representation.\n* CAST from INET6 to data types other than CHAR (e.g. SIGNED, UNSIGNED, TIME,\netc) returns an error.\n\nComparisons\n-----------\n\nAn INET6 expression can be compared to:\n\n* another INET6 expression\n* a character string expression with a text (short or long) address\nrepresentation:\n* a 16-byte binary string expression:\n\nAttempting to compare INET6 to an expression of any other data type returns an\nerror.\n\nMixing INET6 Values for Result\n------------------------------\n\nAn INET6 expression can be mixed for result (i.e. UNION, CASE..THEN, COALESCE\netc) with:\n\n* another INET6 expression. The resulting data type is INET6.\n* a character string in text (short or long) address representation. The\nresult data type is INET6. The character string counterpart is automatically\nconverted to INET6. If the string format is not understood, it\'s converted\nwith a warning to either NULL or to \'::\', depending on the NULL-ability of the\nresult.\n* a 16-byte binary string. The resulting data type is INET6. The binary string\ncounterpart is automatically converted to INET6. If the length of the binary\nstring is not equal to 16, it\'s converted with a warning to NULL or to \'::\'\ndepending on the NULL-ability of the result.\n\nAttempts to mix INET6 for result with other data types will return an error.\n\nMixing INET6 with other data types for LEAST and GREATEST, when mixing for\ncomparison and mixing for result are involved at the same time, uses the same\nrules with mixing for result, described in the previous paragraphs.\n\nFunctions and Operators\n-----------------------\n\n* HEX() with an INET6 argument returns a hexadecimal representation of the\nunderlying 16-byte binary string\n* Arithmetic operators (+,-,*,/,MOD,DIV) are not supported for INET6. This may\nchange in the future.\n* The INET6_ATON function now understands INET6 values as an argument\n* The prototypes of the IS_IPV4_COMPAT and IS_IPV4_MAPPED functions have\nchanged from a BINARY(16) to a INET6,\n* When the argument for these two functions is not INET6, automatic implicit\nCAST to INET6 is applied. As a consequence, both functions now understand\narguments in both text representation and binary(16) representation. Before\nMariaDB 10.5.0, these functions understood only binary(16) representation.\n\nPrepared Statement Parameters\n-----------------------------\n\nINET6 understands both text and binary(16) address representation in prepared\nstatement parameters (PREPARE..EXECUTE and EXECUTE IMMEDIATE statements).\n\nMigration between  BINARY(16) and INET6\n---------------------------------------\n\nBefore MariaDB 10.5.0, you may have used BINARY(16) as a storage for IPv6\ninternet addresses, in combination with INET6_ATON and INET6_NTOA to\nrespectively insert and retrieve data.\n\nFrom 10.5, you can ALTER BINARY(16) columns storing IPv6 addresses to INET6.\nAfter such an alter, there is no a need to use INET6_ATON() and INET6_NTOA().\nAddresses can be inserted and retrieved directly.\n\nIt is also possible to convert INET6 columns to BINARY(16) and continue using\nthe data in combination with INET6_NTOA() and INET6_ATON().\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nCREATE TABLE t1 (a INET6);\n\nInserting using short text address notation:\n\nINSERT INTO t1 VALUES (\'2001:db8::ff00:42:8329\');\n\nLong text address notation:\n\nINSERT INTO t1 VALUES (\'2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:ff00:0042:8329\');\n\n16-byte binary string notation:\n\nINSERT INTO t1 VALUES (0x20010DB8000000000000FF0000428329);\nINSERT INTO t1 VALUES (UNHEX(\'20010DB8000000000000FF0000428329\'));\n\nIPv4 addresses, using IPv4-mapped and IPv4-compatible notations:\n\nINSERT INTO t1 VALUES (\'::ffff:192.0.2.128\'); -- mapped\nINSERT INTO t1 VALUES (\'::192.0.2.128\'); -- compatible\n\nSELECT * FROM t1;\n+------------------------+\n| a                      |\n+------------------------+\n| 2001:db8::ff00:42:8329 |\n| 2001:db8::ff00:42:8329 |\n| 2001:db8::ff00:42:8329 |\n| 2001:db8::ff00:42:8329 |\n| ::ffff:192.0.2.128     |\n| ::192.0.2.128          |\n+------------------------+\n\nIPv4 mapped (or compatible) values still occupy 16 bytes:\n\nCREATE OR REPLACE TABLE t1 (a INET6);\n\nINSERT INTO t1 VALUES (\'::ffff:192.0.2.128\');\n\nSELECT * FROM t1;\n+--------------------+\n| a                  |\n+--------------------+\n| ::ffff:192.0.2.128 |\n+--------------------+\n\nSELECT HEX(a) FROM t1;\n+----------------------------------+\n| HEX(a)                           |\n+----------------------------------+\n| 00000000000000000000FFFFC0000280 |\n+----------------------------------+\n\nCasting from INET6 to anything other than CHAR returns an error:\n\nSELECT CAST(a AS DECIMAL) FROM t1;\n\nERROR 4079 (HY000): Illegal parameter data type inet6 for operation\n\'decimal_typecast\'\n\nComparison Examples\n-------------------\n\nComparison with another INET6 expression:\n\nCREATE OR REPLACE TABLE t1 (a INET6);\n  CREATE OR REPLACE TABLE t2 (a INET6);\n\nINSERT INTO t1 VALUES\n(\'2001:db8::ff00:42:8328\'),(\'2001:db8::ff00:42:8329\');\n  INSERT INTO t2 VALUES\n(\'2001:db8::ff00:42:832a\'),(\'2001:db8::ff00:42:8329\');\n\nSELECT t1.* FROM t1,t2 WHERE t1.a=t2.a;\n  +------------------------+\n  | a                      |\n  +------------------------+\n  | 2001:db8::ff00:42:8329 |\n  +------------------------+\n\nWith a character string expression with a text (short or long) address\nrepresentation:\n\nCREATE OR REPLACE TABLE t1 (a INET6);\n\nINSERT INTO t1 VALUES (\'2001:db8::ff00:42:8329\');\n\nSELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a=\'2001:db8::ff00:42:8329\';\n  +------------------------+\n  | a                      |\n  +------------------------+\n  | 2001:db8::ff00:42:8329 |\n  +------------------------+\n\nWith a 16-byte binary string expression:\n\nCREATE OR REPLACE TABLE t1 (a INET6);\n\nINSERT INTO t1 VALUES (\'2001:db8::ff00:42:8329\');\n\nSELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a=X\'20010DB8000000000000FF0000428329\';\n  +------------------------+\n  | a                      |\n  +------------------------+\n  | 2001:db8::ff00:42:8329 |\n  +------------------------+\n\nWith an expression of another data type:\n\nSELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a=1;\nERROR 4078 (HY000): Illegal parameter data types inet6 and int for operation\n\'=\'\n\nMixing for Result Examples\n--------------------------\n\nMixed with another INET6 expression, returning an INET6 data type:\n\nCREATE OR REPLACE TABLE t1 (a INET6, b INET6);\n\nINSERT INTO t1 VALUES (NULL,\'2001:db8::ff00:42:8329\');\n\nSELECT a FROM t1 UNION SELECT b FROM t1;\n  +------------------------+\n  | a                      |\n  +------------------------+\n  | NULL                   |\n  | 2001:db8::ff00:42:8329 |\n  +------------------------+\n\nSELECT COALESCE(a, b) FROM t1;\n  +------------------------+\n  | COALESCE(a, b)         |\n  +------------------------+\n  | 2001:db8::ff00:42:8329 |\n  +------------------------+\n\nMixed with a character string in text (short or long) address representation:\n\nCREATE OR REPLACE TABLE t1 (a INET6, b VARCHAR(64));\n\nINSERT INTO t1 VALUES (NULL,\'2001:db8::ff00:42:8328\');\n\nINSERT INTO t1 VALUES (NULL,\'2001:db8::ff00:42:832a garbage\');\n\nSELECT COALESCE(a,b) FROM t1;\n  +------------------------+\n  | COALESCE(a,b)          |\n  +------------------------+\n  | 2001:db8::ff00:42:8328 |\n  | NULL                   |\n  +------------------------+\n  2 rows in set, 1 warning (0.001 sec)\n\nSHOW WARNINGS;\n\n+---------+------+---------------------------------------------------------+\n  | Level   | Code | Message\n|\n\n+---------+------+---------------------------------------------------------+\n  | Warning | 1292 | Incorrect inet6 value: \'2001:db8::ff00:42:832a garbage\'\n|\n\n+---------+------+---------------------------------------------------------+\n\nMixed with a 16-byte binary string:\n\nCREATE OR REPLACE TABLE t1 (a INET6, b VARBINARY(16));\n\nINSERT INTO t1 VALUES (NULL,CONCAT(0xFFFF,REPEAT(0x0000,6),0xFFFF));\n\nINSERT INTO t1 VALUES (NULL,0x00/*garbage*/);\n\nSELECT COALESCE(a,b) FROM t1;\n  +---------------+\n  | COALESCE(a,b) |\n  +---------------+\n  | ffff::ffff    |\n  | NULL          |\n  +---------------+\n  2 rows in set, 1 warning (0.001 sec)\n\nSHOW WARNINGS;\n  +---------+------+-------------------------------+\n  | Level   | Code | Message                       |\n  +---------+------+-------------------------------+\n  | Warning | 1292 | Incorrect inet6 value: \'\\x00\' |\n  +---------+------+-------------------------------+\n\nMixing with other data types:\n\nSELECT CAST(\'ffff::ffff\' AS INET6) UNION SELECT 1;\nERROR 4078 (HY000): Illegal parameter data types inet6 and int for operation\n\'UNION\'\n\nFunctions and Operators Examples\n--------------------------------\n\nHEX with an INET6 argument returning a hexadecimal representation:\n\nSELECT HEX(CAST(\'2001:db8::ff00:42:8329\' AS INET6));\n  +----------------------------------------------+\n  | HEX(CAST(\'2001:db8::ff00:42:8329\' AS INET6)) |\n  +----------------------------------------------+\n  | 20010DB8000000000000FF0000428329             |\n  +----------------------------------------------+\n\nINET6_ATON now understands INET6 values as an argument:\n\nCREATE OR REPLACE TABLE t1 (a INET6);\n\nINSERT INTO t1 VALUES (\'2001:db8::ff00:42:8329\');\n\nSELECT a, HEX(INET6_ATON(a)) FROM t1;\n  +------------------------+----------------------------------+\n  | a                      | HEX(INET6_ATON(a))               |\n  +------------------------+----------------------------------+\n  | 2001:db8::ff00:42:8329 | 20010DB8000000000000FF0000428329 |\n  +------------------------+----------------------------------+\n\nIS_IPV4_COMPAT and IS_IPV4_MAPPED prototype now a BINARY(16)):\n\nCREATE OR REPLACE TABLE t1 (a INET6);\n\nINSERT INTO t1 VALUES (\'2001:db8::ff00:42:8329\');\n  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (\'::ffff:192.168.0.1\');\n  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (\'::192.168.0.1\');\n\nSELECT a, IS_IPV4_MAPPED(a), IS_IPV4_COMPAT(a) FROM t1;\n  +------------------------+-------------------+-------------------+\n  | a                      | IS_IPV4_MAPPED(a) | IS_IPV4_COMPAT(a) |\n  +------------------------+-------------------+-------------------+\n  | 2001:db8::ff00:42:8329 |                 0 |                 0 |\n  | ::ffff:192.168.0.1     |                 1 |                 0 |\n  | ::192.168.0.1          |                 0 |                 1 |\n  +------------------------+-------------------+-------------------+\n\nAutomatic implicit CAST to INET6:\n\nCREATE OR REPLACE TABLE t1 (\n   a INET6,\n   b VARCHAR(39) DEFAULT a\n  );\n\nINSERT INTO t1 (a) VALUES (\'ffff::ffff\'),(\'::ffff:192.168.0.1\');\n\nSELECT a, IS_IPV4_MAPPED(a), b, IS_IPV4_MAPPED(b) FROM t1;\n\n+--------------------+-------------------+--------------------+----------------\n--+\n  | a                  | IS_IPV4_MAPPED(a) | b                  |\nIS_IPV4_MAPPED(b) |\n\n+--------------------+-------------------+--------------------+----------------\n--+\n  | ffff::ffff         |                 0 | ffff::ffff         |\n  0 |\n  | ::ffff:192.168.0.1 |                 1 | ::ffff:192.168.0.1 |\n  1 |\n\n+--------------------+-------------------+--------------------+----------------\n--+\n\nCREATE OR REPLACE TABLE t1 (\n   a INET6,\n   b BINARY(16) DEFAULT UNHEX(HEX(a))\n  );\n\nINSERT INTO t1 (a) VALUES (\'ffff::ffff\'),(\'::ffff:192.168.0.1\');\n\nSELECT a, IS_IPV4_MAPPED(a), HEX(b), IS_IPV4_MAPPED(b) FROM t1;\n\n+--------------------+-------------------+----------------------------------+--\n----------------+\n  | a                  | IS_IPV4_MAPPED(a) | HEX(b)\n | IS_IPV4_MAPPED(b) |\n\n+--------------------+-------------------+----------------------------------+--\n----------------+\n  | ffff::ffff         |                 0 |\nFFFF000000000000000000000000FFFF |                 0 |\n  | ::ffff:192.168.0.1 |                 1 |\n00000000000000000000FFFFC0A80001 |                 1 |\n\n+--------------------+-------------------+----------------------------------+--\n----------------+\n\nPrepared Statement Parameters Examples\n--------------------------------------\n\nCREATE OR REPLACE TABLE t1 (a INET6);\n\nEXECUTE IMMEDIATE \'INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (?)\' USING \'ffff::fffe\';\nEXECUTE IMMEDIATE \'INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (?)\' USING\nX\'FFFF000000000000000000000000FFFF\';\n\nSELECT * FROM t1;\n+------------+\n| a          |\n+------------+\n| ffff::fffe |\n| ffff::ffff |\n+------------+\n\nEXECUTE IMMEDIATE \'SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a=?\' USING \'ffff::fffe\';\n+------------+\n| a          |\n+------------+\n| ffff::fffe |\n+------------+\n\nEXECUTE IMMEDIATE \'SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a=?\' USING\nX\'FFFF000000000000000000000000FFFF\';\n+------------+\n| a          |\n+------------+\n| ffff::ffff |\n+------------+\n\nMigration between BINARY(16) and INET6 Examples\n-----------------------------------------------\n\nBefore MariaDB 10.5:\n\nCREATE OR REPLACE TABLE t1 (a BINARY(16));\n\nINSERT INTO t1 VALUES (INET6_ATON(\'ffff::ffff\'));\n\nSELECT INET6_NTOA(a) FROM t1;\n+---------------+\n| INET6_NTOA(a) |\n+---------------+\n| ffff::ffff    |\n+---------------+\n\nMigrating to INET6, from MariaDB 10.5:\n\nALTER TABLE t1 MODIFY a INET6;\n\nINSERT INTO t1 VALUES (\'ffff::fffe\');\n\nSELECT * FROM t1;\n+------------+\n| a          |\n+------------+\n| ffff::ffff |\n| ffff::fffe |\n+------------+\n\nMigration from INET6 to BINARY(16):\n\nCREATE OR REPLACE TABLE t1 (a INET6);\n\nINSERT INTO t1 VALUES (\'2001:db8::ff00:42:8329\');\nINSERT INTO t1 VALUES (\'::ffff:192.168.0.1\');\nINSERT INTO t1 VALUES (\'::192.168.0.1\');\n\nALTER TABLE t1 MODIFY a BINARY(16);\n\nSELECT INET6_NTOA(a) FROM t1;\n+------------------------+\n| INET6_NTOA(a)          |\n+------------------------+\n| 2001:db8::ff00:42:8329 |\n| ::ffff:192.168.0.1     |\n| ::192.168.0.1          |\n+------------------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/inet6/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/inet6/'),
(279,'MEDIUMBLOB',23,'Syntax\n------\n\nMEDIUMBLOB\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nA BLOB column with a maximum length of 16,777,215 (224 - 1) bytes. Each\nMEDIUMBLOB value is stored using a three-byte length prefix that indicates the\nnumber of bytes in the value.\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mediumblob/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mediumblob/'),
(280,'MEDIUMTEXT',23,'Syntax\n------\n\nMEDIUMTEXT [CHARACTER SET charset_name] [COLLATE collation_name]\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nA TEXT column with a maximum length of 16,777,215 (224 - 1) characters. The\neffective maximum length is less if the value contains multi-byte characters.\nEach MEDIUMTEXT value is stored using a three-byte length prefix that\nindicates the number of bytes in the value.\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mediumtext/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mediumtext/'),
(164,'RELEASE_LOCK',14,'Syntax\n------\n\nRELEASE_LOCK(str)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nReleases the lock named by the string str that was obtained with GET_LOCK().\nReturns 1 if the lock was released, 0 if the lock was not established by this\nthread (in which case the lock is not released), and NULL if the named lock\ndid not exist. The lock does not exist if it was never obtained by a call to\nGET_LOCK() or if it has previously been released.\n\nstr is case insensitive. If str is an empty string or NULL, RELEASE_LOCK()\nreturns NULL and does nothing.\n\nStatements using the RELEASE_LOCK() function are not safe for replication.\n\nThe DO statement is convenient to use with RELEASE_LOCK().\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nConnection1:\n\nSELECT GET_LOCK(\'lock1\',10);\n+----------------------+\n| GET_LOCK(\'lock1\',10) |\n+----------------------+\n|                    1 |\n+----------------------+\n\nConnection 2:\n\nSELECT GET_LOCK(\'lock2\',10);\n+----------------------+\n| GET_LOCK(\'lock2\',10) |\n+----------------------+\n|                    1 |\n+----------------------+\n\nConnection 1:\n\nSELECT RELEASE_LOCK(\'lock1\'), RELEASE_LOCK(\'lock2\'), RELEASE_LOCK(\'lock3\');\n+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+\n| RELEASE_LOCK(\'lock1\') | RELEASE_LOCK(\'lock2\') | RELEASE_LOCK(\'lock3\') |\n+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+\n|                     1 |                     0 |                  NULL |\n+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+\n\nFrom MariaDB 10.0.2, it is possible to hold the same lock recursively. This\nexample is viewed using the metadata_lock_info plugin:\n\nSELECT GET_LOCK(\'lock3\',10);\n+----------------------+\n| GET_LOCK(\'lock3\',10) |\n+----------------------+\n|                    1 |\n+----------------------+\n\nSELECT GET_LOCK(\'lock3\',10);\n+----------------------+\n| GET_LOCK(\'lock3\',10) |\n+----------------------+\n|                    1 |\n+----------------------+\n\nSELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.METADATA_LOCK_INFO;\n+-----------+---------------------+---------------+-----------+--------------+-\n----------+\n| THREAD_ID | LOCK_MODE           | LOCK_DURATION | LOCK_TYPE | TABLE_SCHEMA |\nTABLE_NAME |\n+-----------+---------------------+---------------+-----------+--------------+-\n----------+\n|        46 | MDL_SHARED_NO_WRITE | NULL          | User lock | lock3        |\n     |\n+-----------+---------------------+---------------+-----------+--------------+-\n----------+\n\nSELECT RELEASE_LOCK(\'lock3\');\n+-----------------------+\n| RELEASE_LOCK(\'lock3\') |\n+-----------------------+\n|                     1 |\n+-----------------------+\n\nSELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.METADATA_LOCK_INFO;\n+-----------+---------------------+---------------+-----------+--------------+-\n----------+\n| THREAD_ID | LOCK_MODE           | LOCK_DURATION | LOCK_TYPE | TABLE_SCHEMA |\nTABLE_NAME |\n+-----------+---------------------+---------------+-----------+--------------+-\n----------+\n|        46 | MDL_SHARED_NO_WRITE | NULL          | User lock | lock3        |\n     |\n+-----------+---------------------+---------------+-----------+--------------+-\n----------+\n\nSELECT RELEASE_LOCK(\'lock3\');\n+-----------------------+\n| RELEASE_LOCK(\'lock3\') |\n+-----------------------+\n|                     1 |\n+-----------------------+\n\nSELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.METADATA_LOCK_INFO;\nEmpty set (0.000 sec)\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/release_lock/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/release_lock/'),
(167,'UUID',14,'Syntax\n------\n\nUUID()\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nReturns a Universally Unique Identifier (UUID).\n\nA UUID is designed as a number that is globally unique in space and time. Two\ncalls to UUID() are expected to generate two different values, even if these\ncalls are performed on two separate computers that are not connected to each\nother.\n\nUUID() results are intended to be unique, but cannot always be relied upon to\nunpredictable and unguessable, so should not be relied upon for these purposes.\n\nA UUID is a 128-bit number represented by a utf8 string of five hexadecimal\nnumbers in aaaaaaaa-bbbb-cccc-dddd-eeeeeeeeeeee format:\n\n* The first three numbers are generated from a timestamp.\n* The fourth number preserves temporal uniqueness in case the timestamp value\n loses monotonicity (for example, due to daylight saving time).\n* The fifth number is an IEEE 802 node number that provides spatial uniqueness.\n A random number is substituted if the latter is not available (for example,\n because the host computer has no Ethernet card, or we do not know how to find\n the hardware address of an interface on your operating system). In this case,\n spatial uniqueness cannot be guaranteed. Nevertheless, a collision should\n have very low probability.\n\nCurrently, the MAC address of an interface is taken into account only on\nFreeBSD and Linux. On other operating systems, MariaDB uses a randomly\ngenerated 48-bit number.\n\nStatements using the UUID() function are not safe for replication.\n\nThe results are generated according to the \"DCE 1.1:Remote Procedure Call\"\n(Appendix A) CAE (Common Applications Environment) Specifications published by\nThe Open Group in October 1997 (Document Number C706).\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT UUID();\n+--------------------------------------+\n| UUID()                               |\n+--------------------------------------+\n| cd41294a-afb0-11df-bc9b-00241dd75637 |\n+--------------------------------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/uuid/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/uuid/'),
(281,'LONGBLOB',23,'Syntax\n------\n\nLONGBLOB\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nA BLOB column with a maximum length of 4,294,967,295 bytes or 4GB (232 - 1).\nThe effective maximum length of LONGBLOB columns depends on the configured\nmaximum packet size in the client/server protocol and available memory. Each\nLONGBLOB value is stored using a four-byte length prefix that indicates the\nnumber of bytes in the value.\n\nOracle Mode\n-----------\n\nMariaDB starting with 10.3\n--------------------------\nIn Oracle mode from MariaDB 10.3, BLOB is a synonym for LONGBLOB.\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/longblob/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/longblob/'),
(285,'TINYBLOB',23,'Syntax\n------\n\nTINYBLOB\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nA BLOB column with a maximum length of 255 (28 - 1) bytes. Each TINYBLOB value\nis stored using a one-byte length prefix that indicates the number of bytes in\nthe value.\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/tinyblob/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/tinyblob/'),
(286,'TINYTEXT',23,'Syntax\n------\n\nTINYTEXT [CHARACTER SET charset_name] [COLLATE collation_name]\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nA TEXT column with a maximum length of 255 (28 - 1) characters. The effective\nmaximum length is less if the value contains multi-byte characters. Each\nTINYTEXT value is stored using a one-byte length prefix that indicates the\nnumber of bytes in the value.\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/tinytext/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/tinytext/'),
(289,'SET Data Type',23,'Syntax\n------\n\nSET(\'value1\',\'value2\',...) [CHARACTER SET charset_name] [COLLATE\ncollation_name]\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nA set. A string object that can have zero or more values, each of which must\nbe chosen from the list of values \'value1\', \'value2\', ... A SET column can\nhave a maximum of 64 members. SET values are represented internally as\nintegers.\n\nSET values cannot contain commas.\n\nIf a SET contains duplicate values, an error will be returned if strict mode\nis enabled, or a warning if strict mode is not enabled.\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/set-data-type/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/set-data-type/'),
(168,'UUID_SHORT',14,'Syntax\n------\n\nUUID_SHORT()\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nReturns a \"short\" universally unique identifier as a 64-bit unsigned integer\n(rather than a string-form 128-bit identifier as returned by the UUID()\nfunction).\n\nThe value of UUID_SHORT() is guaranteed to be unique if the following\nconditions hold:\n\n* The server_id of the current host is unique among your set of master and\n slave servers\n* server_id is between 0 and 255\n* You don\'t set back your system time for your server between mysqld restarts\n* You do not invoke UUID_SHORT() on average more than 16\n million times per second between mysqld restarts\n\nThe UUID_SHORT() return value is constructed this way:\n\n(server_id & 255) << 56\n+ (server_startup_time_in_seconds << 24)\n+ incremented_variable++;\n\nStatements using the UUID_SHORT() function are not safe for statement-based\nreplication.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT UUID_SHORT();\n+-------------------+\n| UUID_SHORT()      |\n+-------------------+\n| 21517162376069120 |\n+-------------------+\n\ncreate table t1 (a bigint unsigned default(uuid_short()) primary key);\ninsert into t1 values(),();\nselect * from t1;\n+-------------------+\n| a                 |\n+-------------------+\n| 98113699159474176 |\n| 98113699159474177 |\n+-------------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/uuid_short/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/uuid_short/'),
(169,'VALUES / VALUE',14,'Syntax\n------\n\nMariaDB starting with 10.3.3\n----------------------------\n\nVALUE(col_name)\n\nMariaDB until 10.3.2\n--------------------\n\nVALUES(col_name)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nIn an INSERT ... ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE statement, you can use the\nVALUES(col_name) function in the UPDATE clause to refer to column values from\nthe INSERT portion of the statement. In other words, VALUES(col_name) in the\nUPDATE clause refers to the value of col_name that would be inserted, had no\nduplicate-key conflict occurred. This function is especially useful in\nmultiple-row inserts.\n\nThe VALUES() function is meaningful only in INSERT ... ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE\nstatements and returns NULL otherwise.\n\nIn MariaDB 10.3.3 this function was renamed to VALUE(), because it\'s\nincompatible with the standard Table Value Constructors syntax, implemented in\nMariaDB 10.3.3.\n\nThe VALUES() function can still be used even from MariaDB 10.3.3, but only in\nINSERT ... ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE statements; it\'s a syntax error otherwise.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nMariaDB starting with 10.3.3\n----------------------------\n\nINSERT INTO t (a,b,c) VALUES (1,2,3),(4,5,6)\n  ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE c=VALUE(a)+VALUE(b);\n\nMariaDB until 10.3.2\n--------------------\n\nINSERT INTO t (a,b,c) VALUES (1,2,3),(4,5,6)\n  ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE c=VALUES(a)+VALUES(b);\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/values-value/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/values-value/'),
(173,'||',15,'Syntax\n------\n\nOR, ||\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nLogical OR. When both operands are non-NULL, the result is 1 if any operand is\nnon-zero, and 0 otherwise. With a NULL operand, the result is 1 if the other\noperand is non-zero, and NULL otherwise. If both operands are NULL, the result\nis NULL.\n\nFor this operator, short-circuit evaluation can be used.\n\nNote that, if the PIPES_AS_CONCAT SQL_MODE is set, || is used as a string\nconcatenation operator. This means that a || b is the same as CONCAT(a,b). See\nCONCAT() for details.\n\nOracle Mode\n-----------\n\nMariaDB starting with 10.3\n--------------------------\nIn Oracle mode from MariaDB 10.3, || ignores NULL.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT 1 || 1;\n+--------+\n| 1 || 1 |\n+--------+\n|      1 |\n+--------+\n\nSELECT 1 || 0;\n+--------+\n| 1 || 0 |\n+--------+\n|      1 |\n+--------+\n\nSELECT 0 || 0;\n+--------+\n| 0 || 0 |\n+--------+\n|      0 |\n+--------+\n\nSELECT 0 || NULL;\n+-----------+\n| 0 || NULL |\n+-----------+\n|      NULL |\n+-----------+\n\nSELECT 1 || NULL;\n+-----------+\n| 1 || NULL |\n+-----------+\n|         1 |\n+-----------+\n\nIn Oracle mode, from MariaDB 10.3:\n\nSELECT 0 || NULL;\n+-----------+\n| 0 || NULL |\n+-----------+\n| 0         |\n+-----------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/or/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/or/'),
(175,'AVG',16,'Syntax\n------\n\nAVG([DISTINCT] expr)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nReturns the average value of expr. The DISTINCT option can be used to return\nthe average of the distinct values of expr. NULL values are ignored. It is an\naggregate function, and so can be used with the GROUP BY clause.\n\nAVG() returns NULL if there were no matching rows.\n\nAVG() can be used as a window function.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nCREATE TABLE sales (sales_value INT);\n\nINSERT INTO sales VALUES(10),(20),(20),(40);\n\nSELECT AVG(sales_value) FROM sales;\n+------------------+\n| AVG(sales_value) |\n+------------------+\n|          22.5000 |\n+------------------+\n\nSELECT AVG(DISTINCT(sales_value)) FROM sales;\n+----------------------------+\n| AVG(DISTINCT(sales_value)) |\n+----------------------------+\n|                    23.3333 |\n+----------------------------+\n\nCommonly, AVG() is used with a GROUP BY clause:\n\nCREATE TABLE student (name CHAR(10), test CHAR(10), score TINYINT);\n\nINSERT INTO student VALUES \n (\'Chun\', \'SQL\', 75), (\'Chun\', \'Tuning\', 73),\n (\'Esben\', \'SQL\', 43), (\'Esben\', \'Tuning\', 31),\n (\'Kaolin\', \'SQL\', 56), (\'Kaolin\', \'Tuning\', 88),\n (\'Tatiana\', \'SQL\', 87), (\'Tatiana\', \'Tuning\', 83);\n\nSELECT name, AVG(score) FROM student GROUP BY name;\n+---------+------------+\n| name    | AVG(score) |\n+---------+------------+\n| Chun    |    74.0000 |\n| Esben   |    37.0000 |\n| Kaolin  |    72.0000 |\n| Tatiana |    85.0000 |\n+---------+------------+\n\nBe careful to avoid this common mistake, not grouping correctly and returning\nmismatched data:\n\nSELECT name,test,AVG(score) FROM student;\n+------+------+------------+\n| name | test | MIN(score) |\n+------+------+------------+\n| Chun | SQL  |         31 |\n+------+------+------------+\n\nAs a window function:\n\nCREATE TABLE student_test (name CHAR(10), test CHAR(10), score TINYINT);\n\nINSERT INTO student_test VALUES \n  (\'Chun\', \'SQL\', 75), (\'Chun\', \'Tuning\', 73),\n  (\'Esben\', \'SQL\', 43), (\'Esben\', \'Tuning\', 31),\n  (\'Kaolin\', \'SQL\', 56), (\'Kaolin\', \'Tuning\', 88),\n  (\'Tatiana\', \'SQL\', 87), (\'Tatiana\', \'Tuning\', 83);\n\nSELECT name, test, score, AVG(score) OVER (PARTITION BY test) \n  AS average_by_test FROM student_test;\n+---------+--------+-------+-----------------+\n| name    | test   | score | average_by_test |\n+---------+--------+-------+-----------------+\n| Chun    | SQL    |    75 |         65.2500 |\n| Chun    | Tuning |    73 |         68.7500 |\n| Esben   | SQL    |    43 |         65.2500 |\n| Esben   | Tuning |    31 |         68.7500 |\n| Kaolin  | SQL    |    56 |         65.2500 |\n| Kaolin  | Tuning |    88 |         68.7500 |\n| Tatiana | SQL    |    87 |         65.2500 |\n| Tatiana | Tuning |    83 |         68.7500 |\n+---------+--------+-------+-----------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/avg/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/avg/'),
(294,'TIMESTAMP',23,'Syntax\n------\n\nTIMESTAMP [(<microsecond precision)]\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nA timestamp in the format YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS.ffffff.\n\nThe timestamp field is generally used to define at which moment in time a row\nwas added or updated and by default will automatically be assigned the current\ndatetime when a record is inserted or updated. The automatic properties only\napply to the first TIMESTAMP in the record; subsequent TIMESTAMP columns will\nnot be changed.\n\nMariaDB includes the --mysql56-temporal-format option, on by default, which\nallows MariaDB to store TIMESTAMPs using the same low-level format MySQL 5.6\nuses.\n\nFor more information, see Internal Format.\n\nSupported Values\n----------------\n\nMariaDB stores values that use the TIMESTAMP data type as the number of\nseconds since \'1970-01-01 00:00:00\' (UTC). This means that the TIMESTAMP data\ntype can hold values between \'1970-01-01 00:00:01\' (UTC) and \'2038-01-19\n03:14:07\' (UTC).\n\nMariaDB can also store microseconds with a precision between 0 and 6. If no\nmicrosecond precision is specified, then 0 is used by default.\n\nAutomatic Values\n----------------\n\nMariaDB has special behavior for the first column that uses the TIMESTAMP data\ntype in a specific table when the system variable\nexplicit_defaults_for_timestamp is not set (which is the default until MariaDB\n10.10). For the first column that uses the TIMESTAMP data type in a specific\ntable, MariaDB automatically assigns the following properties to the column:\n\n* DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP\n* ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP\n\nThis means that if the column is not explicitly assigned a value in an INSERT\nor UPDATE query, then MariaDB will automatically initialize the column\'s value\nwith the current date and time.\n\nThis automatic initialization for INSERT and UPDATE queries can also be\nexplicitly enabled for a column that uses the TIMESTAMP data type by\nspecifying the DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP and ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP\nclauses for the column. In these clauses, any synonym of CURRENT_TIMESTAMP is\naccepted, including CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(), NOW(), LOCALTIME, LOCALTIME(),\nLOCALTIMESTAMP, and LOCALTIMESTAMP().\n\nThis automatic initialization for INSERT queries can also be explicitly\ndisabled for a column that uses the TIMESTAMP data type by specifying a\nconstant DEFAULT value. For example, DEFAULT 0.\n\nThis automatic initialization for UPDATE queries can also be explicitly\ndisabled for a column that uses the TIMESTAMP data type by specifying a\nDEFAULT clause for the column, but no ON UPDATE clause. If a DEFAULT clause is\nexplicitly specified for a column that uses the TIMESTAMP data type, but an ON\nUPDATE clause is not specified for the column, then the timestamp value will\nnot automatically change when an UPDATE statement is executed.\n\nMariaDB also has special behavior if NULL is assigned to column that uses the\nTIMESTAMP data type. If the column is assigned the NULL value in an INSERT or\nUPDATE query, then MariaDB will automatically initialize the column\'s value\nwith the current date and time. For details, see NULL values in MariaDB.\n\nThis automatic initialization for NULL values can also be explicitly disabled\nfor a column that uses the TIMESTAMP data type by specifying the NULL\nattribute for the column. In this case, if the column\'s value is set to NULL,\nthen the column\'s value will actually be set to NULL.\n\nTime Zones\n----------\n\nIf a column uses the TIMESTAMP data type, then any inserted values are\nconverted from the session\'s time zone to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)\nwhen stored, and converted back to the session\'s time zone when retrieved.\n\nMariaDB validates TIMESTAMP literals against the session\'s time zone. For\nexample, if a specific time range never occurred in a specific time zone due\nto daylight savings time, then TIMESTAMP values within that range would be\ninvalid for that time zone.\n\nMariaDB does not currently store any time zone identifier with the value of\nthe TIMESTAMP data type. See MDEV-10018 for more information.\n\nMariaDB does not currently support time zone literals that contain time zone\nidentifiers. See MDEV-11829 for more information.\n\nLimitations\n-----------\n\n* Because the TIMESTAMP value is stored as Epoch Seconds, the timestamp value\n\'1970-01-01 00:00:00\' (UTC) is reserved since the second #0 is used to\nrepresent \'0000-00-00 00:00:00\'.\n* In MariaDB 5.5 and before there could only be one TIMESTAMP column per table\nthat had CURRENT_TIMESTAMP defined as its default value. This limit has no\nlonger applied since MariaDB 10.0.\n\nSQL_MODE=MAXDB\n--------------\n\nIf the SQL_MODE is set to MAXDB, TIMESTAMP fields will be silently converted\nto DATETIME.\n\nInternal Format\n---------------\n\nIn MariaDB 10.1.2 a new temporal format was introduced from MySQL 5.6 that\nalters how the TIME, DATETIME and TIMESTAMP columns operate at lower levels.\nThese changes allow these temporal data types to have fractional parts and\nnegative values. You can disable this feature using the\nmysql56_temporal_format system variable.\n\nTables that include TIMESTAMP values that were created on an older version of\nMariaDB or that were created while the mysql56_temporal_format system variable\nwas disabled continue to store data using the older data type format.\n\nIn order to update table columns from the older format to the newer format,\nexecute an ALTER TABLE... MODIFY COLUMN statement that changes the column to\nthe *same* data type. This change may be needed if you want to export the\ntable\'s tablespace and import it onto a server that has\nmysql56_temporal_format=ON set (see MDEV-15225).\n\nFor instance, if you have a TIMESTAMP column in your table:\n\nSHOW VARIABLES LIKE \'mysql56_temporal_format\';\n\n+-------------------------+-------+\n| Variable_name           | Value |\n+-------------------------+-------+\n| mysql56_temporal_format | ON    |\n+-------------------------+-------+\n\nALTER TABLE example_table MODIFY ts_col TIMESTAMP;\n\nWhen MariaDB executes the ALTER TABLE statement, it converts the data from the\nolder temporal format to the newer one.\n\nIn the event that you have several tables and columns using temporal data\ntypes that you want to switch over to the new format, make sure the system\nvariable is enabled, then perform a dump and restore using mysqldump. The\ncolumns using relevant temporal data types are restored using the new temporal\nformat.\n\nStarting from MariaDB 10.5.1 columns with old temporal formats are marked with\na /* mariadb-5.3 */ comment in the output of SHOW CREATE TABLE, SHOW COLUMNS,\nDESCRIBE statements, as well as in the COLUMN_TYPE column of the\nINFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS Table.\n\nSHOW CREATE TABLE mariadb5312_timestamp\\G\n*************************** 1. row ***************************\n   Table: mariadb5312_timestamp\nCreate Table: CREATE TABLE `mariadb5312_timestamp` (\n `ts0` timestamp /* mariadb-5.3 */ NOT NULL DEFAULT current_timestamp() ON\nUPDATE current_timestamp(),\n `ts6` timestamp(6) /* mariadb-5.3 */ NOT NULL DEFAULT \'0000-00-00\n00:00:00.000000\'\n) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\n\nNote: Prior to MySQL 4.1 a different format for the TIMESTAMP datatype was\nused. This format is unsupported in MariaDB 5.1 and upwards.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nCREATE TABLE t (id INT, ts TIMESTAMP);\n\nDESC t;\n+-------+-----------+------+-----+-------------------+-------------------------\n---+\n| Field | Type      | Null | Key | Default           | Extra                  \n  |\n+-------+-----------+------+-----+-------------------+-------------------------\n---+\n| id    | int(11)   | YES  |     | NULL              |                        \n  |\n| ts    | timestamp | NO   |     | CURRENT_TIMESTAMP | on update\nCURRENT_TIMESTAMP |\n+-------+-----------+------+-----+-------------------+-------------------------\n---+\n\nINSERT INTO t(id)  VALUES (1),(2);\n\nSELECT * FROM t;\n+------+---------------------+\n| id   | ts                  |\n+------+---------------------+\n|    1 | 2013-07-22 12:50:05 |\n|    2 | 2013-07-22 12:50:05 |\n+------+---------------------+\n\nINSERT INTO t  VALUES (3,NULL),(4,\'2001-07-22 12:12:12\');\n\nSELECT * FROM t;\n+------+---------------------+\n| id   | ts                  |\n+------+---------------------+\n|    1 | 2013-07-22 12:50:05 |\n|    2 | 2013-07-22 12:50:05 |\n|    3 | 2013-07-22 12:51:56 |\n|    4 | 2001-07-22 12:12:12 |\n+------+---------------------+\n\nConverting to Unix epoch:\n\nSELECT ts, UNIX_TIMESTAMP(ts) FROM t;\n+---------------------+--------------------+\n| ts                  | UNIX_TIMESTAMP(ts) |\n+---------------------+--------------------+\n| 2013-07-22 12:50:05 |         1374490205 |\n| 2013-07-22 12:50:05 |         1374490205 |\n| 2013-07-22 12:51:56 |         1374490316 |\n| 2001-07-22 12:12:12 |          995796732 |\n+---------------------+--------------------+\n\nUpdate also changes the timestamp:\n\nUPDATE t set id=5 WHERE id=1;\n\nSELECT * FROM t;\n+------+---------------------+\n| id   | ts                  |\n+------+---------------------+\n|    5 | 2013-07-22 14:52:33 |\n|    2 | 2013-07-22 12:50:05 |\n|    3 | 2013-07-22 12:51:56 |\n|    4 | 2001-07-22 12:12:12 |\n+------+---------------------+\n\nDefault NULL:\n\nCREATE TABLE t2 (id INT, ts TIMESTAMP NULL ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP);\n\nINSERT INTO t(id)  VALUES (1),(2);\n\nSELECT * FROM t2;\n\nINSERT INTO t2(id)  VALUES (1),(2);\n\nSELECT * FROM t2;\n+------+------+\n| id   | ts   |\n+------+------+\n|    1 | NULL |\n|    2 | NULL |\n+------+------+\n\nUPDATE t2 SET id=3 WHERE id=1;\n\nSELECT * FROM t2;\n+------+---------------------+\n| id   | ts                  |\n+------+---------------------+\n|    3 | 2013-07-22 15:32:22 |\n|    2 | NULL                |\n+------+---------------------+\n\nOnly the first timestamp is automatically inserted and updated:\n\nCREATE TABLE t3 (id INT, ts1 TIMESTAMP, ts2 TIMESTAMP);\n\nINSERT INTO t3(id)  VALUES (1),(2);\n\nSELECT * FROM t3;\n+------+---------------------+---------------------+\n| id   | ts1                 | ts2                 |\n+------+---------------------+---------------------+\n|    1 | 2013-07-22 15:35:07 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |\n|    2 | 2013-07-22 15:35:07 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |\n+------+---------------------+---------------------+\n\nDESC t3;\n+-------+-----------+------+-----+---------------------+-----------------------\n-----+\n| Field | Type      | Null | Key | Default             | Extra                \n   |\n+-------+-----------+------+-----+---------------------+-----------------------\n-----+\n| id    | int(11)   | YES  |     | NULL                |                      \n   |\n| ts1   | timestamp | NO   |     | CURRENT_TIMESTAMP   | on update\nCURRENT_TIMESTAMP |\n| ts2   | timestamp | NO   |     | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |                      \n   |\n+-------+-----------+------+-----+---------------------+-----------------------\n-----+\n\nExplicitly setting a timestamp with the CURRENT_TIMESTAMP function:\n\nINSERT INTO t3(id,ts2)  VALUES (3,CURRENT_TIMESTAMP());\n\nSELECT * FROM t3;\n+------+---------------------+---------------------+\n| id   | ts1                 | ts2                 |\n+------+---------------------+---------------------+\n|    1 | 2013-07-22 15:35:07 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |\n|    2 | 2013-07-22 15:35:07 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |\n|    3 | 2013-07-22 15:38:52 | 2013-07-22 15:38:52 |\n+------+---------------------+---------------------+\n\nSpecifying the timestamp as NOT NULL:\n\nCREATE TABLE t4 (id INT, ts TIMESTAMP NOT NULL);\n\nINSERT INTO t4(id)  VALUES (1);\nSELECT SLEEP(1);\nINSERT INTO t4(id,ts) VALUES (2,NULL);\n\nSELECT * FROM t4;\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/timestamp/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/timestamp/'),
(304,'GOTO',24,'MariaDB starting with 10.3\n--------------------------\nThe GOTO statement was introduced in MariaDB 10.3 for Oracle compatibility.\n\nSyntax\n------\n\nGOTO label\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nThe GOTO statement causes the code to jump to the specified label, and\ncontinue operating from there. It is only accepted when in Oracle mode.\n\nExample\n-------\n\nSET sql_mode=ORACLE;\n\nDELIMITER //\n\nCREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE p1 AS\n\nBEGIN\n\nSELECT 1;\n GOTO label;\n SELECT 2;\n <<label>>\n SELECT 3;\n\nEND;\n\n//\n\nDELIMITER\n\ncall p1();\n+---+\n| 1 |\n+---+\n| 1 |\n+---+\n1 row in set (0.000 sec)\n\n+---+\n| 3 |\n+---+\n| 3 |\n+---+\n1 row in set (0.000 sec)\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/goto/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/goto/'),
(174,'Stored Aggregate Functions',16,'MariaDB starting with 10.3.3\n----------------------------\nThe ability to create stored aggregate functions was added in MariaDB 10.3.3.\n\nAggregate functions are functions that are computed over a sequence of rows\nand return one result for the sequence of rows.\n\nCreating a custom aggregate function is done using the CREATE FUNCTION\nstatement with two main differences:\n\n* The addition of the AGGREGATE keyword, so CREATE AGGREGATE FUNCTION\n* The FETCH GROUP NEXT ROW instruction inside the loop\n* Oracle PL/SQL compatibility using SQL/PL is provided\n\nStandard Syntax\n---------------\n\nCREATE AGGREGATE FUNCTION function_name (parameters) RETURNS return_type\nBEGIN\n   All types of declarations\n   DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND RETURN return_val;\n   LOOP\n     FETCH GROUP NEXT ROW; // fetches next row from table\n     other instructions\n   END LOOP;\nEND\n\nStored aggregate functions were a 2016 Google Summer of Code project by Varun\nGupta.\n\nUsing SQL/PL\n------------\n\nSET sql_mode=Oracle;\nDELIMITER //\n\nCREATE AGGREGATE FUNCTION function_name (parameters) RETURN return_type\n declarations\nBEGIN\n LOOP\n   FETCH GROUP NEXT ROW; -- fetches next row from table\n   -- other instructions\n\nEND LOOP;\nEXCEPTION\n WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN\n   RETURN return_val;\nEND //\n\nDELIMITER ;\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nFirst a simplified example:\n\nCREATE TABLE marks(stud_id INT, grade_count INT);\n\nINSERT INTO marks VALUES (1,6), (2,4), (3,7), (4,5), (5,8);\n\nSELECT * FROM marks;\n+---------+-------------+\n| stud_id | grade_count |\n+---------+-------------+\n|       1 |           6 |\n|       2 |           4 |\n|       3 |           7 |\n|       4 |           5 |\n|       5 |           8 |\n+---------+-------------+\n\nDELIMITER //\nCREATE AGGREGATE FUNCTION IF NOT EXISTS aggregate_count(x INT) RETURNS INT\nBEGIN\n DECLARE count_students INT DEFAULT 0;\n DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND\n RETURN count_students;\n   LOOP\n     FETCH GROUP NEXT ROW;\n     IF x  THEN\n      SET count_students = count_students+1;\n     END IF;\n   END LOOP;\nEND //\nDELIMITER ;\n\nA non-trivial example that cannot easily be rewritten using existing functions:\n\nDELIMITER //\nCREATE AGGREGATE FUNCTION medi_int(x INT) RETURNS DOUBLE\nBEGIN\n DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND\n  BEGIN\n   DECLARE res DOUBLE;\n   DECLARE cnt INT DEFAULT (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM tt);\n   DECLARE lim INT DEFAULT (cnt-1) DIV 2;\n   IF cnt % 2 = 0 THEN\n    SET res = (SELECT AVG(a) FROM (SELECT a FROM tt ORDER BY a LIMIT\nlim,2) ttt);\n   ELSE\n    SET res = (SELECT a FROM tt ORDER BY a LIMIT lim,1);\n   END IF;\n   DROP TEMPORARY TABLE tt;\n   RETURN res;\n  END;\n CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE tt (a INT);\n LOOP\n  FETCH GROUP NEXT ROW;\n  INSERT INTO tt VALUES (x);\n END LOOP;\nEND //\nDELIMITER ;\n\nSQL/PL Example\n--------------\n\nThis uses the same marks table as created above.\n\nSET sql_mode=Oracle;\nDELIMITER //\n\nCREATE AGGREGATE FUNCTION aggregate_count(x INT) RETURN INT AS count_students\nINT DEFAULT 0;\nBEGIN\n LOOP\n   FETCH GROUP NEXT ROW;\n   IF x  THEN\n    SET count_students := count_students+1;\n   END IF;\n END LOOP;\nEXCEPTION\n WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN\n   RETURN count_students;\nEND aggregate_count //\nDELIMITER ;\n\nSELECT aggregate_count(stud_id) FROM marks;\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/stored-aggregate-functions/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/stored-aggregate-functions/'),
(176,'BIT_AND',16,'Syntax\n------\n\nBIT_AND(expr) [over_clause]\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nReturns the bitwise AND of all bits in expr. The calculation is performed with\n64-bit (BIGINT) precision. It is an aggregate function, and so can be used\nwith the GROUP BY clause.\n\nIf no rows match, BIT_AND will return a value with all bits set to 1. NULL\nvalues have no effect on the result unless all results are NULL, which is\ntreated as no match.\n\nBIT_AND can be used as a window function with the addition of the over_clause.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nCREATE TABLE vals (x INT);\n\nINSERT INTO vals VALUES(111),(110),(100);\n\nSELECT BIT_AND(x), BIT_OR(x), BIT_XOR(x) FROM vals;\n+------------+-----------+------------+\n| BIT_AND(x) | BIT_OR(x) | BIT_XOR(x) |\n+------------+-----------+------------+\n|        100 |       111 |        101 |\n+------------+-----------+------------+\n\nAs an aggregate function:\n\nCREATE TABLE vals2 (category VARCHAR(1), x INT);\n\nINSERT INTO vals2 VALUES\n (\'a\',111),(\'a\',110),(\'a\',100),\n (\'b\',\'000\'),(\'b\',001),(\'b\',011);\n\nSELECT category, BIT_AND(x), BIT_OR(x), BIT_XOR(x) \n FROM vals GROUP BY category;\n+----------+------------+-----------+------------+\n| category | BIT_AND(x) | BIT_OR(x) | BIT_XOR(x) |\n+----------+------------+-----------+------------+\n| a        |        100 |       111 |        101 |\n| b        |          0 |        11 |         10 |\n+----------+------------+-----------+------------+\n\nNo match:\n\nSELECT BIT_AND(NULL);\n+----------------------+\n| BIT_AND(NULL)        |\n+----------------------+\n| 18446744073709551615 |\n+----------------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/bit_and/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/bit_and/'),
(305,'IF',24,'Syntax\n------\n\nIF search_condition THEN statement_list\n  [ELSEIF search_condition THEN statement_list] ...\n  [ELSE statement_list]\nEND IF;\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nIF implements a basic conditional construct. If the search_condition evaluates\nto true, the corresponding SQL statement list is executed. If no\nsearch_condition matches, the statement list in the ELSE clause is executed.\nEach statement_list consists of one or more statements.\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/if/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/if/'),
(309,'LOOP',24,'Syntax\n------\n\n[begin_label:] LOOP\n  statement_list\nEND LOOP [end_label]\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nLOOP implements a simple loop construct, enabling repeated execution of the\nstatement list, which consists of one or more statements, each terminated by a\nsemicolon (i.e., ;) statement delimiter. The statements within the loop are\nrepeated until the loop is exited; usually this is accomplished with a LEAVE\nstatement.\n\nA LOOP statement can be labeled. end_label cannot be given unless begin_label\nalso is present. If both are present, they must be the same.\n\nSee Delimiters in the mariadb client for more on delimiter usage in the client.\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/loop/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/loop/'),
(312,'RETURN',24,'Syntax\n------\n\nRETURN expr\n\nThe RETURN statement terminates execution of a stored function and returns the\nvalue expr to the function caller. There must be at least one RETURN statement\nin a stored function. If the function has multiple exit points, all exit\npoints must have a RETURN.\n\nThis statement is not used in stored procedures, triggers, or events. LEAVE\ncan be used instead.\n\nThe following example shows that RETURN can return the result of a scalar\nsubquery:\n\nCREATE FUNCTION users_count() RETURNS BOOL\n READS SQL DATA\nBEGIN\n RETURN (SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT User) FROM mysql.user);\nEND;\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/return/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/return/'),
(315,'WHILE',24,'Syntax\n------\n\n[begin_label:] WHILE search_condition DO\n  statement_list\nEND WHILE [end_label]\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nThe statement list within a WHILE statement is repeated as long as the\nsearch_condition is true. statement_list consists of one or more statements.\nIf the loop must be executed at least once, REPEAT ... LOOP can be used\ninstead.\n\nA WHILE statement can be labeled. end_label cannot be given unless begin_label\nalso is present. If both are present, they must be the same.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nCREATE PROCEDURE dowhile()\nBEGIN\n DECLARE v1 INT DEFAULT 5;\n\nWHILE v1 > 0 DO\n  ...\n  SET v1 = v1 - 1;\n END WHILE;\nEND\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/while/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/while/'),
(177,'BIT_OR',16,'Syntax\n------\n\nBIT_OR(expr) [over_clause]\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nReturns the bitwise OR of all bits in expr. The calculation is performed with\n64-bit (BIGINT) precision. It is an aggregate function, and so can be used\nwith the GROUP BY clause.\n\nIf no rows match, BIT_OR will return a value with all bits set to 0. NULL\nvalues have no effect on the result unless all results are NULL, which is\ntreated as no match.\n\nBIT_OR can be used as a window function with the addition of the over_clause.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nCREATE TABLE vals (x INT);\n\nINSERT INTO vals VALUES(111),(110),(100);\n\nSELECT BIT_AND(x), BIT_OR(x), BIT_XOR(x) FROM vals;\n+------------+-----------+------------+\n| BIT_AND(x) | BIT_OR(x) | BIT_XOR(x) |\n+------------+-----------+------------+\n|        100 |       111 |        101 |\n+------------+-----------+------------+\n\nAs an aggregate function:\n\nCREATE TABLE vals2 (category VARCHAR(1), x INT);\n\nINSERT INTO vals2 VALUES\n (\'a\',111),(\'a\',110),(\'a\',100),\n (\'b\',\'000\'),(\'b\',001),(\'b\',011);\n\nSELECT category, BIT_AND(x), BIT_OR(x), BIT_XOR(x) \n FROM vals GROUP BY category;\n+----------+------------+-----------+------------+\n| category | BIT_AND(x) | BIT_OR(x) | BIT_XOR(x) |\n+----------+------------+-----------+------------+\n| a        |        100 |       111 |        101 |\n| b        |          0 |        11 |         10 |\n+----------+------------+-----------+------------+\n\nNo match:\n\nSELECT BIT_OR(NULL);\n+--------------+\n| BIT_OR(NULL) |\n+--------------+\n|            0 |\n+--------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/bit_or/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/bit_or/'),
(178,'BIT_XOR',16,'Syntax\n------\n\nBIT_XOR(expr) [over_clause]\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nReturns the bitwise XOR of all bits in expr. The calculation is performed with\n64-bit (BIGINT) precision. It is an aggregate function, and so can be used\nwith the GROUP BY clause.\n\nIf no rows match, BIT_XOR will return a value with all bits set to 0. NULL\nvalues have no effect on the result unless all results are NULL, which is\ntreated as no match.\n\nBIT_XOR can be used as a window function with the addition of the over_clause.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nCREATE TABLE vals (x INT);\n\nINSERT INTO vals VALUES(111),(110),(100);\n\nSELECT BIT_AND(x), BIT_OR(x), BIT_XOR(x) FROM vals;\n+------------+-----------+------------+\n| BIT_AND(x) | BIT_OR(x) | BIT_XOR(x) |\n+------------+-----------+------------+\n|        100 |       111 |        101 |\n+------------+-----------+------------+\n\nAs an aggregate function:\n\nCREATE TABLE vals2 (category VARCHAR(1), x INT);\n\nINSERT INTO vals2 VALUES\n (\'a\',111),(\'a\',110),(\'a\',100),\n (\'b\',\'000\'),(\'b\',001),(\'b\',011);\n\nSELECT category, BIT_AND(x), BIT_OR(x), BIT_XOR(x) \n FROM vals GROUP BY category;\n+----------+------------+-----------+------------+\n| category | BIT_AND(x) | BIT_OR(x) | BIT_XOR(x) |\n+----------+------------+-----------+------------+\n| a        |        100 |       111 |        101 |\n| b        |          0 |        11 |         10 |\n+----------+------------+-----------+------------+\n\nNo match:\n\nSELECT BIT_XOR(NULL);\n+---------------+\n| BIT_XOR(NULL) |\n+---------------+\n|             0 |\n+---------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/bit_xor/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/bit_xor/'),
(179,'COUNT',16,'Syntax\n------\n\nCOUNT(expr)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nReturns a count of the number of non-NULL values of expr in the rows retrieved\nby a SELECT statement. The result is a BIGINT value. It is an aggregate\nfunction, and so can be used with the GROUP BY clause.\n\nCOUNT(*) counts the total number of rows in a table.\n\nCOUNT() returns 0 if there were no matching rows.\n\nCOUNT() can be used as a window function.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nCREATE TABLE student (name CHAR(10), test CHAR(10), score TINYINT);\n\nINSERT INTO student VALUES \n (\'Chun\', \'SQL\', 75), (\'Chun\', \'Tuning\', 73),\n (\'Esben\', \'SQL\', 43), (\'Esben\', \'Tuning\', 31),\n (\'Kaolin\', \'SQL\', 56), (\'Kaolin\', \'Tuning\', 88),\n (\'Tatiana\', \'SQL\', 87), (\'Tatiana\', \'Tuning\', 83);\n\nSELECT COUNT(*) FROM student;\n+----------+\n| COUNT(*) |\n+----------+\n|        8 |\n+----------+\n\nCOUNT(DISTINCT) example:\n\nSELECT COUNT(DISTINCT (name)) FROM student;\n+------------------------+\n| COUNT(DISTINCT (name)) |\n+------------------------+\n|                      4 |\n+------------------------+\n\nAs a window function\n\nCREATE OR REPLACE TABLE student_test (name CHAR(10), test CHAR(10), score\nTINYINT);\n\nINSERT INTO student_test VALUES \n  (\'Chun\', \'SQL\', 75), (\'Chun\', \'Tuning\', 73),\n  (\'Esben\', \'SQL\', 43), (\'Esben\', \'Tuning\', 31),\n  (\'Kaolin\', \'SQL\', 56), (\'Kaolin\', \'Tuning\', 88),\n  (\'Tatiana\', \'SQL\', 87);\n\nSELECT name, test, score, COUNT(score) OVER (PARTITION BY name) \n  AS tests_written FROM student_test;\n+---------+--------+-------+---------------+\n| name    | test   | score | tests_written |\n+---------+--------+-------+---------------+\n| Chun    | SQL    |    75 |             2 |\n| Chun    | Tuning |    73 |             2 |\n| Esben   | SQL    |    43 |             2 |\n| Esben   | Tuning |    31 |             2 |\n| Kaolin  | SQL    |    56 |             2 |\n| Kaolin  | Tuning |    88 |             2 |\n| Tatiana | SQL    |    87 |             1 |\n+---------+--------+-------+---------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/count/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/count/'),
(318,'OPEN',24,'Syntax\n------\n\n<= MariaDB 10.2\n\nOPEN cursor_name\n\nFrom MariaDB 10.3\n\nOPEN cursor_name [expression[,...]];\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nThis statement opens a cursor which was previously declared with DECLARE\nCURSOR.\n\nThe query associated to the DECLARE CURSOR is executed when OPEN is executed.\nIt is important to remember this if the query produces an error, or calls\nfunctions which have side effects.\n\nThis is necessary in order to FETCH rows from a cursor.\n\nSee Cursor Overview for an example.\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/open/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/open/'),
(319,'FETCH',24,'Syntax\n------\n\nFETCH cursor_name INTO var_name [, var_name] ...\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nThis statement fetches the next row (if a row exists) using the specified open\ncursor, and advances the cursor pointer.\n\nvar_name can be a local variable, but not a user-defined variable.\n\nIf no more rows are available, a No Data condition occurs with SQLSTATE value\n02000. To detect this condition, you can set up a handler for it (or for a NOT\nFOUND condition).\n\nSee Cursor Overview for an example.\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/fetch/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/fetch/'),
(320,'CLOSE',24,'Syntax\n------\n\nCLOSE cursor_name\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nThis statement closes a previously opened cursor. The cursor must have been\npreviously opened or else an error occurs.\n\nIf not closed explicitly, a cursor is closed at the end of the compound\nstatement in which it was declared.\n\nSee Cursor Overview for an example.\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/close/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/close/'),
(321,'BUFFER',25,'A synonym for ST_BUFFER.\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/buffer/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/buffer/'),
(322,'CONVEXHULL',25,'A synonym for ST_CONVEXHULL.\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/convexhull/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/convexhull/'),
(323,'GEOMETRYCOLLECTION',25,'Syntax\n------\n\nGeometryCollection(g1,g2,...)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nConstructs a WKB GeometryCollection. If any argument is not a well-formed WKB\nrepresentation of a geometry, the return value is NULL.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nCREATE TABLE gis_geometrycollection  (g GEOMETRYCOLLECTION);\nSHOW FIELDS FROM gis_geometrycollection;\nINSERT INTO gis_geometrycollection VALUES\n  (GeomCollFromText(\'GEOMETRYCOLLECTION(POINT(0 0), LINESTRING(0 0,10\n10))\')),\n  (GeometryFromWKB(AsWKB(GeometryCollection(Point(44, 6),\nLineString(Point(3, 6), Point(7, 9)))))),\n  (GeomFromText(\'GeometryCollection()\')),\n  (GeomFromText(\'GeometryCollection EMPTY\'));\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/geometrycollection/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/geometrycollection/'),
(180,'COUNT DISTINCT',16,'Syntax\n------\n\nCOUNT(DISTINCT expr,[expr...])\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nReturns a count of the number of different non-NULL values.\n\nCOUNT(DISTINCT) returns 0 if there were no matching rows.\n\nAlthough, from MariaDB 10.2.0, COUNT can be used as a window function, COUNT\nDISTINCT cannot be.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nCREATE TABLE student (name CHAR(10), test CHAR(10), score TINYINT);\n\nINSERT INTO student VALUES \n (\'Chun\', \'SQL\', 75), (\'Chun\', \'Tuning\', 73),\n (\'Esben\', \'SQL\', 43), (\'Esben\', \'Tuning\', 31),\n (\'Kaolin\', \'SQL\', 56), (\'Kaolin\', \'Tuning\', 88),\n (\'Tatiana\', \'SQL\', 87), (\'Tatiana\', \'Tuning\', 83);\n\nSELECT COUNT(*) FROM student;\n+----------+\n| COUNT(*) |\n+----------+\n|        8 |\n+----------+\n\nSELECT COUNT(DISTINCT (name)) FROM student;\n+------------------------+\n| COUNT(DISTINCT (name)) |\n+------------------------+\n|                      4 |\n+------------------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/count-distinct/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/count-distinct/'),
(181,'GROUP_CONCAT',16,'Syntax\n------\n\nGROUP_CONCAT(expr)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nThis function returns a string result with the concatenated non-NULL values\nfrom a group. It returns NULL if there are no non-NULL values.\n\nThe maximum returned length in bytes is determined by the group_concat_max_len\nserver system variable, which defaults to 1M (>= MariaDB 10.2.4) or 1K (<=\nMariaDB 10.2.3).\n\nIf group_concat_max_len <= 512, the return type is VARBINARY or VARCHAR;\notherwise, the return type is BLOB or TEXT. The choice between binary or\nnon-binary types depends from the input.\n\nThe full syntax is as follows:\n\nGROUP_CONCAT([DISTINCT] expr [,expr ...]\n      [ORDER BY {unsigned_integer | col_name | expr}\n        [ASC | DESC] [,col_name ...]]\n      [SEPARATOR str_val]\n      [LIMIT {[offset,] row_count | row_count OFFSET offset}])\n\nDISTINCT eliminates duplicate values from the output string.\n\nORDER BY determines the order of returned values.\n\nSEPARATOR specifies a separator between the values. The default separator is a\ncomma (,). It is possible to avoid using a separator by specifying an empty\nstring.\n\nLIMIT\n-----\n\nMariaDB starting with 10.3.3\n----------------------------\nUntil MariaDB 10.3.2, it was not possible to use the LIMIT clause with\nGROUP_CONCAT. This restriction was lifted in MariaDB 10.3.3.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT student_name,\n   GROUP_CONCAT(test_score)\n   FROM student\n   GROUP BY student_name;\n\nGet a readable list of MariaDB users from the mysql.user table:\n\nSELECT GROUP_CONCAT(DISTINCT User ORDER BY User SEPARATOR \'\\n\')\n FROM mysql.user;\n\nIn the former example, DISTINCT is used because the same user may occur more\nthan once. The new line (\\n) used as a SEPARATOR makes the results easier to\nread.\n\nGet a readable list of hosts from which each user can connect:\n\nSELECT User, GROUP_CONCAT(Host ORDER BY Host SEPARATOR \', \') \n FROM mysql.user GROUP BY User ORDER BY User;\n\nThe former example shows the difference between the GROUP_CONCAT\'s ORDER BY\n(which sorts the concatenated hosts), and the SELECT\'s ORDER BY (which sorts\nthe rows).\n\nFrom MariaDB 10.3.3, LIMIT can be used with GROUP_CONCAT, so, for example,\ngiven the following table:\n\nCREATE TABLE d (dd DATE, cc INT);\n\nINSERT INTO d VALUES (\'2017-01-01\',1);\nINSERT INTO d VALUES (\'2017-01-02\',2);\nINSERT INTO d VALUES (\'2017-01-04\',3);\n\nthe following query:\n\nSELECT SUBSTRING_INDEX(GROUP_CONCAT(CONCAT_WS(\":\",dd,cc) ORDER BY cc\nDESC),\",\",1) FROM d;\n+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n| SUBSTRING_INDEX(GROUP_CONCAT(CONCAT_WS(\":\",dd,cc) ORDER BY cc DESC),\",\",1) |\n+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n| 2017-01-04:3                                                               |\n+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n\ncan be more simply rewritten as:\n\nSELECT GROUP_CONCAT(CONCAT_WS(\":\",dd,cc) ORDER BY cc DESC LIMIT 1) FROM d;\n+-------------------------------------------------------------+\n| GROUP_CONCAT(CONCAT_WS(\":\",dd,cc) ORDER BY cc DESC LIMIT 1) |\n+-------------------------------------------------------------+\n| 2017-01-04:3                                                |\n+-------------------------------------------------------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/group_concat/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/group_concat/'),
(182,'MAX',16,'Syntax\n------\n\nMAX([DISTINCT] expr)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nReturns the largest, or maximum, value of expr. MAX() can also take a string\nargument in which case it returns the maximum string value. The DISTINCT\nkeyword can be used to find the maximum of the distinct values of expr,\nhowever, this produces the same result as omitting DISTINCT.\n\nNote that SET and ENUM fields are currently compared by their string value\nrather than their relative position in the set, so MAX() may produce a\ndifferent highest result than ORDER BY DESC.\n\nIt is an aggregate function, and so can be used with the GROUP BY clause.\n\nMAX() can be used as a window function.\n\nMAX() returns NULL if there were no matching rows.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nCREATE TABLE student (name CHAR(10), test CHAR(10), score TINYINT);\n\nINSERT INTO student VALUES \n (\'Chun\', \'SQL\', 75), (\'Chun\', \'Tuning\', 73),\n (\'Esben\', \'SQL\', 43), (\'Esben\', \'Tuning\', 31),\n (\'Kaolin\', \'SQL\', 56), (\'Kaolin\', \'Tuning\', 88),\n (\'Tatiana\', \'SQL\', 87), (\'Tatiana\', \'Tuning\', 83);\n\nSELECT name, MAX(score) FROM student GROUP BY name;\n+---------+------------+\n| name    | MAX(score) |\n+---------+------------+\n| Chun    |         75 |\n| Esben   |         43 |\n| Kaolin  |         88 |\n| Tatiana |         87 |\n+---------+------------+\n\nMAX string:\n\nSELECT MAX(name) FROM student;\n+-----------+\n| MAX(name) |\n+-----------+\n| Tatiana   |\n+-----------+\n\nBe careful to avoid this common mistake, not grouping correctly and returning\nmismatched data:\n\nSELECT name,test,MAX(SCORE) FROM student;\n+------+------+------------+\n| name | test | MAX(SCORE) |\n+------+------+------------+\n| Chun | SQL  |         88 |\n+------+------+------------+\n\nDifference between ORDER BY DESC and MAX():\n\nCREATE TABLE student2(name CHAR(10),grade ENUM(\'b\',\'c\',\'a\'));\n\nINSERT INTO student2 VALUES(\'Chun\',\'b\'),(\'Esben\',\'c\'),(\'Kaolin\',\'a\');\n\nSELECT MAX(grade) FROM student2;\n+------------+\n| MAX(grade) |\n+------------+\n| c          |\n+------------+\n\nSELECT grade FROM student2 ORDER BY grade DESC LIMIT 1;\n+-------+\n| grade |\n+-------+\n| a     |\n+-------+\n\nAs a window function:\n\nCREATE OR REPLACE TABLE student_test (name CHAR(10), test CHAR(10), score\nTINYINT);\nINSERT INTO student_test VALUES \n  (\'Chun\', \'SQL\', 75), (\'Chun\', \'Tuning\', 73),\n  (\'Esben\', \'SQL\', 43), (\'Esben\', \'Tuning\', 31),\n  (\'Kaolin\', \'SQL\', 56), (\'Kaolin\', \'Tuning\', 88),\n  (\'Tatiana\', \'SQL\', 87);\n\nSELECT name, test, score, MAX(score) \n OVER (PARTITION BY name) AS highest_score FROM student_test;\n+---------+--------+-------+---------------+\n| name    | test   | score | highest_score |\n+---------+--------+-------+---------------+\n| Chun    | SQL    |    75 |            75 |\n| Chun    | Tuning |    73 |            75 |\n| Esben   | SQL    |    43 |            43 |\n| Esben   | Tuning |    31 |            43 |\n| Kaolin  | SQL    |    56 |            88 |\n| Kaolin  | Tuning |    88 |            88 |\n| Tatiana | SQL    |    87 |            87 |\n+---------+--------+-------+---------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/max/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/max/'),
(183,'MIN',16,'Syntax\n------\n\nMIN([DISTINCT] expr)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nReturns the minimum value of expr. MIN() may take a string argument, in which\ncase it returns the minimum string value. The DISTINCT keyword can be used to\nfind the minimum of the distinct values of expr, however, this produces the\nsame result as omitting DISTINCT.\n\nNote that SET and ENUM fields are currently compared by their string value\nrather than their relative position in the set, so MIN() may produce a\ndifferent lowest result than ORDER BY ASC.\n\nIt is an aggregate function, and so can be used with the GROUP BY clause.\n\nMIN() can be used as a window function.\n\nMIN() returns NULL if there were no matching rows.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nCREATE TABLE student (name CHAR(10), test CHAR(10), score TINYINT);\n\nINSERT INTO student VALUES \n (\'Chun\', \'SQL\', 75), (\'Chun\', \'Tuning\', 73),\n (\'Esben\', \'SQL\', 43), (\'Esben\', \'Tuning\', 31),\n (\'Kaolin\', \'SQL\', 56), (\'Kaolin\', \'Tuning\', 88),\n (\'Tatiana\', \'SQL\', 87), (\'Tatiana\', \'Tuning\', 83);\n\nSELECT name, MIN(score) FROM student GROUP BY name;\n+---------+------------+\n| name    | MIN(score) |\n+---------+------------+\n| Chun    |         73 |\n| Esben   |         31 |\n| Kaolin  |         56 |\n| Tatiana |         83 |\n+---------+------------+\n\nMIN() with a string:\n\nSELECT MIN(name) FROM student;\n+-----------+\n| MIN(name) |\n+-----------+\n| Chun      |\n+-----------+\n\nBe careful to avoid this common mistake, not grouping correctly and returning\nmismatched data:\n\nSELECT name,test,MIN(score) FROM student;\n+------+------+------------+\n| name | test | MIN(score) |\n+------+------+------------+\n| Chun | SQL  |         31 |\n+------+------+------------+\n\nDifference between ORDER BY ASC and MIN():\n\nCREATE TABLE student2(name CHAR(10),grade ENUM(\'b\',\'c\',\'a\'));\n\nINSERT INTO student2 VALUES(\'Chun\',\'b\'),(\'Esben\',\'c\'),(\'Kaolin\',\'a\');\n\nSELECT MIN(grade) FROM student2;\n+------------+\n| MIN(grade) |\n+------------+\n| a          |\n+------------+\n\nSELECT grade FROM student2 ORDER BY grade ASC LIMIT 1;\n+-------+\n| grade |\n+-------+\n| b     |\n+-------+\n\nAs a window function:\n\nCREATE OR REPLACE TABLE student_test (name CHAR(10), test CHAR(10), score\nTINYINT);\nINSERT INTO student_test VALUES \n  (\'Chun\', \'SQL\', 75), (\'Chun\', \'Tuning\', 73),\n  (\'Esben\', \'SQL\', 43), (\'Esben\', \'Tuning\', 31),\n  (\'Kaolin\', \'SQL\', 56), (\'Kaolin\', \'Tuning\', 88),\n  (\'Tatiana\', \'SQL\', 87);\n\nSELECT name, test, score, MIN(score) \n OVER (PARTITION BY name) AS lowest_score FROM student_test;\n+---------+--------+-------+--------------+\n| name    | test   | score | lowest_score |\n+---------+--------+-------+--------------+\n| Chun    | SQL    |    75 |           73 |\n| Chun    | Tuning |    73 |           73 |\n| Esben   | SQL    |    43 |           31 |\n| Esben   | Tuning |    31 |           31 |\n| Kaolin  | SQL    |    56 |           56 |\n| Kaolin  | Tuning |    88 |           56 |\n| Tatiana | SQL    |    87 |           87 |\n+---------+--------+-------+--------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/min/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/min/'),
(184,'STD',16,'Syntax\n------\n\nSTD(expr)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nReturns the population standard deviation of expr. This is an extension to\nstandard SQL. The standard SQL function STDDEV_POP() can be used instead.\n\nIt is an aggregate function, and so can be used with the GROUP BY clause.\n\nSTD() can be used as a window function.\n\nThis function returns NULL if there were no matching rows.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nAs an aggregate function:\n\nCREATE OR REPLACE TABLE stats (category VARCHAR(2), x INT);\n\nINSERT INTO stats VALUES \n (\'a\',1),(\'a\',2),(\'a\',3),\n (\'b\',11),(\'b\',12),(\'b\',20),(\'b\',30),(\'b\',60);\n\nSELECT category, STDDEV_POP(x), STDDEV_SAMP(x), VAR_POP(x) \n FROM stats GROUP BY category;\n+----------+---------------+----------------+------------+\n| category | STDDEV_POP(x) | STDDEV_SAMP(x) | VAR_POP(x) |\n+----------+---------------+----------------+------------+\n| a        |        0.8165 |         1.0000 |     0.6667 |\n| b        |       18.0400 |        20.1693 |   325.4400 |\n+----------+---------------+----------------+------------+\n\nAs a window function:\n\nCREATE OR REPLACE TABLE student_test (name CHAR(10), test CHAR(10), score\nTINYINT);\n\nINSERT INTO student_test VALUES \n  (\'Chun\', \'SQL\', 75), (\'Chun\', \'Tuning\', 73),\n  (\'Esben\', \'SQL\', 43), (\'Esben\', \'Tuning\', 31),\n  (\'Kaolin\', \'SQL\', 56), (\'Kaolin\', \'Tuning\', 88),\n  (\'Tatiana\', \'SQL\', 87);\n\nSELECT name, test, score, STDDEV_POP(score) \n OVER (PARTITION BY test) AS stddev_results FROM student_test;\n+---------+--------+-------+----------------+\n| name    | test   | score | stddev_results |\n+---------+--------+-------+----------------+\n| Chun    | SQL    |    75 |        16.9466 |\n| Chun    | Tuning |    73 |        24.1247 |\n| Esben   | SQL    |    43 |        16.9466 |\n| Esben   | Tuning |    31 |        24.1247 |\n| Kaolin  | SQL    |    56 |        16.9466 |\n| Kaolin  | Tuning |    88 |        24.1247 |\n| Tatiana | SQL    |    87 |        16.9466 |\n+---------+--------+-------+----------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/std/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/std/'),
(325,'MULTILINESTRING',25,'Syntax\n------\n\nMultiLineString(ls1,ls2,...)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nConstructs a WKB MultiLineString value using WKB LineString arguments. If any\nargument is not a WKB LineString, the return value is NULL.\n\nExample\n-------\n\nCREATE TABLE gis_multi_line (g MULTILINESTRING);\nINSERT INTO gis_multi_line VALUES\n (MultiLineStringFromText(\'MULTILINESTRING((10 48,10 21,10 0),(16 0,16 23,16\n48))\')),\n (MLineFromText(\'MULTILINESTRING((10 48,10 21,10 0))\')),\n (MLineFromWKB(AsWKB(MultiLineString(LineString(Point(1, 2), \n  Point(3, 5)), LineString(Point(2, 5),Point(5, 8),Point(21, 7))))));\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/multilinestring/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/multilinestring/'),
(326,'MULTIPOINT',25,'Syntax\n------\n\nMultiPoint(pt1,pt2,...)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nConstructs a WKB MultiPoint value using WKB Point arguments. If any argument\nis not a WKB Point, the return value is NULL.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSET @g = ST_GEOMFROMTEXT(\'MultiPoint( 1 1, 2 2, 5 3, 7 2, 9 3, 8 4, 6 6, 6 9,\n4 9, 1 5 )\');\n\nCREATE TABLE gis_multi_point (g MULTIPOINT);\nINSERT INTO gis_multi_point VALUES\n  (MultiPointFromText(\'MULTIPOINT(0 0,10 10,10 20,20 20)\')),\n  (MPointFromText(\'MULTIPOINT(1 1,11 11,11 21,21 21)\')),\n  (MPointFromWKB(AsWKB(MultiPoint(Point(3, 6), Point(4, 10)))));\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/multipoint/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/multipoint/'),
(328,'POINT',25,'Syntax\n------\n\nPoint(x,y)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nConstructs a WKB Point using the given coordinates.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSET @g = ST_GEOMFROMTEXT(\'Point(1 1)\');\n\nCREATE TABLE gis_point  (g POINT);\nINSERT INTO gis_point VALUES\n  (PointFromText(\'POINT(10 10)\')),\n  (PointFromText(\'POINT(20 10)\')),\n  (PointFromText(\'POINT(20 20)\')),\n  (PointFromWKB(AsWKB(PointFromText(\'POINT(10 20)\'))));\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/point/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/point/'),
(329,'PointOnSurface',25,'A synonym for ST_PointOnSurface.\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/pointonsurface/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/pointonsurface/'),
(333,'ST_INTERSECTION',25,'Syntax\n------\n\nST_INTERSECTION(g1,g2)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nReturns a geometry that is the intersection, or shared portion, of geometry g1\nand geometry g2.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSET @g1 = ST_GEOMFROMTEXT(\'POINT(2 1)\');\n\nSET @g2 = ST_GEOMFROMTEXT(\'LINESTRING(2 1, 0 2)\');\n\nSELECT ASTEXT(ST_INTERSECTION(@g1,@g2));\n+----------------------------------+\n| ASTEXT(ST_INTERSECTION(@g1,@g2)) |\n+----------------------------------+\n| POINT(2 1)                       |\n+----------------------------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/st_intersection/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/st_intersection/'),
(185,'STDDEV',16,'Syntax\n------\n\nSTDDEV(expr)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nReturns the population standard deviation of expr. This function is provided\nfor compatibility with Oracle. The standard SQL function STDDEV_POP() can be\nused instead.\n\nIt is an aggregate function, and so can be used with the GROUP BY clause.\n\nSTDDEV() can be used as a window function.\n\nThis function returns NULL if there were no matching rows.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nAs an aggregate function:\n\nCREATE OR REPLACE TABLE stats (category VARCHAR(2), x INT);\n\nINSERT INTO stats VALUES \n (\'a\',1),(\'a\',2),(\'a\',3),\n (\'b\',11),(\'b\',12),(\'b\',20),(\'b\',30),(\'b\',60);\n\nSELECT category, STDDEV_POP(x), STDDEV_SAMP(x), VAR_POP(x) \n FROM stats GROUP BY category;\n+----------+---------------+----------------+------------+\n| category | STDDEV_POP(x) | STDDEV_SAMP(x) | VAR_POP(x) |\n+----------+---------------+----------------+------------+\n| a        |        0.8165 |         1.0000 |     0.6667 |\n| b        |       18.0400 |        20.1693 |   325.4400 |\n+----------+---------------+----------------+------------+\n\nAs a window function:\n\nCREATE OR REPLACE TABLE student_test (name CHAR(10), test CHAR(10), score\nTINYINT);\n\nINSERT INTO student_test VALUES \n  (\'Chun\', \'SQL\', 75), (\'Chun\', \'Tuning\', 73),\n  (\'Esben\', \'SQL\', 43), (\'Esben\', \'Tuning\', 31),\n  (\'Kaolin\', \'SQL\', 56), (\'Kaolin\', \'Tuning\', 88),\n  (\'Tatiana\', \'SQL\', 87);\n\nSELECT name, test, score, STDDEV_POP(score) \n OVER (PARTITION BY test) AS stddev_results FROM student_test;\n+---------+--------+-------+----------------+\n| name    | test   | score | stddev_results |\n+---------+--------+-------+----------------+\n| Chun    | SQL    |    75 |        16.9466 |\n| Chun    | Tuning |    73 |        24.1247 |\n| Esben   | SQL    |    43 |        16.9466 |\n| Esben   | Tuning |    31 |        24.1247 |\n| Kaolin  | SQL    |    56 |        16.9466 |\n| Kaolin  | Tuning |    88 |        24.1247 |\n| Tatiana | SQL    |    87 |        16.9466 |\n+---------+--------+-------+----------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/stddev/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/stddev/'),
(186,'STDDEV_POP',16,'Syntax\n------\n\nSTDDEV_POP(expr)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nReturns the population standard deviation of expr (the square root of\nVAR_POP()). You can also use STD() or STDDEV(), which are equivalent but not\nstandard SQL.\n\nIt is an aggregate function, and so can be used with the GROUP BY clause.\n\nSTDDEV_POP() can be used as a window function.\n\nSTDDEV_POP() returns NULL if there were no matching rows.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nAs an aggregate function:\n\nCREATE OR REPLACE TABLE stats (category VARCHAR(2), x INT);\n\nINSERT INTO stats VALUES \n (\'a\',1),(\'a\',2),(\'a\',3),\n (\'b\',11),(\'b\',12),(\'b\',20),(\'b\',30),(\'b\',60);\n\nSELECT category, STDDEV_POP(x), STDDEV_SAMP(x), VAR_POP(x) \n FROM stats GROUP BY category;\n+----------+---------------+----------------+------------+\n| category | STDDEV_POP(x) | STDDEV_SAMP(x) | VAR_POP(x) |\n+----------+---------------+----------------+------------+\n| a        |        0.8165 |         1.0000 |     0.6667 |\n| b        |       18.0400 |        20.1693 |   325.4400 |\n+----------+---------------+----------------+------------+\n\nAs a window function:\n\nCREATE OR REPLACE TABLE student_test (name CHAR(10), test CHAR(10), score\nTINYINT);\n\nINSERT INTO student_test VALUES \n  (\'Chun\', \'SQL\', 75), (\'Chun\', \'Tuning\', 73),\n  (\'Esben\', \'SQL\', 43), (\'Esben\', \'Tuning\', 31),\n  (\'Kaolin\', \'SQL\', 56), (\'Kaolin\', \'Tuning\', 88),\n  (\'Tatiana\', \'SQL\', 87);\n\nSELECT name, test, score, STDDEV_POP(score) \n OVER (PARTITION BY test) AS stddev_results FROM student_test;\n+---------+--------+-------+----------------+\n| name    | test   | score | stddev_results |\n+---------+--------+-------+----------------+\n| Chun    | SQL    |    75 |        16.9466 |\n| Chun    | Tuning |    73 |        24.1247 |\n| Esben   | SQL    |    43 |        16.9466 |\n| Esben   | Tuning |    31 |        24.1247 |\n| Kaolin  | SQL    |    56 |        16.9466 |\n| Kaolin  | Tuning |    88 |        24.1247 |\n| Tatiana | SQL    |    87 |        16.9466 |\n+---------+--------+-------+----------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/stddev_pop/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/stddev_pop/'),
(188,'SUM',16,'Syntax\n------\n\nSUM([DISTINCT] expr)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nReturns the sum of expr. If the return set has no rows, SUM() returns NULL.\nThe DISTINCT keyword can be used to sum only the distinct values of expr.\n\nSUM() can be used as a window function, although not with the DISTINCT\nspecifier.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nCREATE TABLE sales (sales_value INT);\nINSERT INTO sales VALUES(10),(20),(20),(40);\n\nSELECT SUM(sales_value) FROM sales;\n+------------------+\n| SUM(sales_value) |\n+------------------+\n|               90 |\n+------------------+\n\nSELECT SUM(DISTINCT(sales_value)) FROM sales;\n+----------------------------+\n| SUM(DISTINCT(sales_value)) |\n+----------------------------+\n|                         70 |\n+----------------------------+\n\nCommonly, SUM is used with a GROUP BY clause:\n\nCREATE TABLE sales (name CHAR(10), month CHAR(10), units INT);\n\nINSERT INTO sales VALUES \n (\'Chun\', \'Jan\', 75), (\'Chun\', \'Feb\', 73),\n (\'Esben\', \'Jan\', 43), (\'Esben\', \'Feb\', 31),\n (\'Kaolin\', \'Jan\', 56), (\'Kaolin\', \'Feb\', 88),\n (\'Tatiana\', \'Jan\', 87), (\'Tatiana\', \'Feb\', 83);\n\nSELECT name, SUM(units) FROM sales GROUP BY name;\n+---------+------------+\n| name    | SUM(units) |\n+---------+------------+\n| Chun    |        148 |\n| Esben   |         74 |\n| Kaolin  |        144 |\n| Tatiana |        170 |\n+---------+------------+\n\nThe GROUP BY clause is required when using an aggregate function along with\nregular column data, otherwise the result will be a mismatch, as in the\nfollowing common type of mistake:\n\nSELECT name,SUM(units) FROM sales\n;+------+------------+\n| name | SUM(units) |\n+------+------------+\n| Chun |        536 |\n+------+------------+\n\nAs a window function:\n\nCREATE OR REPLACE TABLE student_test (name CHAR(10), test CHAR(10), score\nTINYINT);\nINSERT INTO student_test VALUES \n  (\'Chun\', \'SQL\', 75), (\'Chun\', \'Tuning\', 73),\n  (\'Esben\', \'SQL\', 43), (\'Esben\', \'Tuning\', 31),\n  (\'Kaolin\', \'SQL\', 56), (\'Kaolin\', \'Tuning\', 88),\n  (\'Tatiana\', \'SQL\', 87);\n\nSELECT name, test, score, SUM(score) OVER (PARTITION BY name) AS total_score\nFROM student_test;\n+---------+--------+-------+-------------+\n| name    | test   | score | total_score |\n+---------+--------+-------+-------------+\n| Chun    | SQL    |    75 |         148 |\n| Chun    | Tuning |    73 |         148 |\n| Esben   | SQL    |    43 |          74 |\n| Esben   | Tuning |    31 |          74 |\n| Kaolin  | SQL    |    56 |         144 |\n| Kaolin  | Tuning |    88 |         144 |\n| Tatiana | SQL    |    87 |          87 |\n+---------+--------+-------+-------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/sum/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/sum/'),
(334,'ST_POINTONSURFACE',25,'MariaDB starting with 10.1.2\n----------------------------\nST_POINTONSURFACE() was introduced in MariaDB 10.1.2\n\nSyntax\n------\n\nST_PointOnSurface(g)\nPointOnSurface(g)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nGiven a geometry, returns a POINT guaranteed to intersect a surface. However,\nsee MDEV-7514.\n\nST_PointOnSurface() and PointOnSurface() are synonyms.\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/st_pointonsurface/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/st_pointonsurface/'),
(345,'FLUSH',26,'Syntax\n------\n\nFLUSH [NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG | LOCAL]\n  flush_option [, flush_option] ...\n\nor when flushing tables:\n\nFLUSH [NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG | LOCAL] TABLES [table_list]  [table_flush_option]\n\nwhere table_list is a list of tables separated by , (comma).\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nThe FLUSH statement clears or reloads various internal caches used by MariaDB.\nTo execute FLUSH, you must have the RELOAD privilege. See GRANT.\n\nThe RESET statement is similar to FLUSH. See RESET.\n\nYou cannot issue a FLUSH statement from within a stored function or a trigger.\nDoing so within a stored procedure is permitted, as long as it is not called\nby a stored function or trigger. See Stored Routine Limitations, Stored\nFunction Limitations and Trigger Limitations.\n\nIf a listed table is a view, an error like the following will be produced:\n\nERROR 1347 (HY000): \'test.v\' is not BASE TABLE\n\nBy default, FLUSH statements are written to the binary log and will be\nreplicated. The NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG keyword (LOCAL is an alias) will ensure the\nstatement is not written to the binary log.\n\nThe different flush options are:\n\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| Option                    | Description                                    |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| CHANGED_PAGE_BITMAPS      | XtraDB only. Internal command used for backup  |\n|                           | purposes. See the Information Schema           |\n|                           | CHANGED_PAGE_BITMAPS Table.                    |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| CLIENT_STATISTICS         | Reset client statistics (see SHOW              |\n|                           | CLIENT_STATISTICS).                            |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| DES_KEY_FILE              | Reloads the DES key file (Specified with the   |\n|                           | --des-key-file startup option).                |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| HOSTS                     | Flush the hostname cache (used for converting  |\n|                           | ip to host names and for unblocking blocked    |\n|                           | hosts. See max_connect_errors and              |\n|                           | performance_schema.host_cache                  |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| INDEX_STATISTICS          | Reset index statistics (see SHOW               |\n|                           | INDEX_STATISTICS).                             |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| [ERROR | ENGINE |         | Close and reopen the specified log type, or    |\n| GENERAL | SLOW | BINARY   | all log types if none are specified. FLUSH     |\n| | RELAY] LOGS             | RELAY LOGS [connection-name] can be used to    |\n|                           | flush the relay logs for a specific            |\n|                           | connection. Only one connection can be         |\n|                           | specified per FLUSH command. See Multi-source  |\n|                           | replication. FLUSH ENGINE LOGS will delete     |\n|                           | all unneeded Aria redo logs. FLUSH BINARY      |\n|                           | LOGS DELETE_DOMAIN_ID=(list-of-domains) can    |\n|                           | be used to discard obsolete GTID domains from  |\n|                           | the server\'s binary log state. In order for    |\n|                           | this to be successful, no event group from     |\n|                           | the listed GTID domains can be present in      |\n|                           | existing binary log files. If some still       |\n|                           | exist, then they must be purged prior to       |\n|                           | executing this command. If the command         |\n|                           | completes successfully, then it also rotates   |\n|                           | the binary log.                                |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| MASTER                    | Deprecated option, use RESET MASTER instead.   |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| PRIVILEGES                | Reload all privileges from the privilege       |\n|                           | tables in the mysql database. If the server    |\n|                           | is started with --skip-grant-table option,     |\n|                           | this will activate the privilege tables again. |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| QUERY CACHE               | Defragment the query cache to better utilize   |\n|                           | its memory. If you want to reset the query     |\n|                           | cache, you can do it with RESET QUERY CACHE.   |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| QUERY_RESPONSE_TIME       | See the QUERY_RESPONSE_TIME plugin.            |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| SLAVE                     | Deprecated option, use RESET REPLICA or RESET  |\n|                           | SLAVE instead.                                 |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| SSL                       | Used to dynamically reinitialize the server\'s  |\n|                           | TLS context by reloading the files defined by  |\n|                           | several TLS system variables. See FLUSH SSL    |\n|                           | for more information.                          |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| STATUS                    | Resets all server status variables that can    |\n|                           | be reset to 0. Not all global status           |\n|                           | variables support this, so not all global      |\n|                           | values are reset. See FLUSH STATUS for more    |\n|                           | information.                                   |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| TABLE                     | Close tables given as options or all open      |\n|                           | tables if no table list was used. From         |\n|                           | MariaDB 10.4.1, using without any table list   |\n|                           | will only close tables not in use, and tables  |\n|                           | not locked by the FLUSH TABLES connection. If  |\n|                           | there are no locked tables, FLUSH TABLES will  |\n|                           | be instant and will not cause any waits, as    |\n|                           | it no longer waits for tables in use. When a   |\n|                           | table list is provided, from MariaDB 10.4.1,   |\n|                           | the server will wait for the end of any        |\n|                           | transactions that are using the tables.        |\n|                           | Previously, FLUSH TABLES only waited for the   |\n|                           | statements to complete.                        |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| TABLES                    | Same as FLUSH TABLE.                           |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| TABLES ... FOR EXPORT     | For InnoDB tables, flushes table changes to    |\n|                           | disk to permit binary table copies while the   |\n|                           | server is running. See FLUSH TABLES ... FOR    |\n|                           | EXPORT for more.                               |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| TABLES WITH READ LOCK     | Closes all open tables. New tables are only    |\n|                           | allowed to be opened with read locks until an  |\n|                           | UNLOCK TABLES is given.                        |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| TABLES WITH READ LOCK     | As TABLES WITH READ LOCK but also disable all  |\n| AND DISABLE CHECKPOINT    | checkpoint writes by transactional table       |\n|                           | engines. This is useful when doing a disk      |\n|                           | snapshot of all tables.                        |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| TABLE_STATISTICS          | Reset table statistics (see SHOW               |\n|                           | TABLE_STATISTICS).                             |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| USER_RESOURCES            | Resets all per hour user resources. This       |\n|                           | enables clients that have exhausted their      |\n|                           | resources to connect again.                    |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| USER_STATISTICS           | Reset user statistics (see SHOW                |\n|                           | USER_STATISTICS).                              |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| USER_VARIABLES            | Reset user variables (see User-defined         |\n|                           | variables).                                    |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n\nYou can also use the mariadb-admin client to flush things. Use mariadb-admin\n--help to examine what flush commands it supports.\n\nFLUSH RELAY LOGS\n----------------\n\nFLUSH RELAY LOGS \'connection_name\';\n\nCompatibility with MySQL\n------------------------\n\nMariaDB starting with 10.7.0\n----------------------------\nThe FOR CHANNEL keyword was added for MySQL compatibility. This is identical\nas using the channel_name directly after the FLUSH command.\n\nFor example, one can now use:\n\nFLUSH RELAY LOGS FOR CHANNEL \'connection_name\';\n\nFLUSH STATUS\n------------\n\nServer status variables can be reset by executing the following:\n\nFLUSH STATUS;\n\nGlobal Status Variables that Support FLUSH STATUS\n-------------------------------------------------\n\nNot all global status variables support being reset by FLUSH STATUS.\nCurrently, the following status variables are reset by FLUSH STATUS:\n\n* Aborted_clients\n* Aborted_connects\n* Binlog_cache_disk_use\n* Binlog_cache_use\n* Binlog_stmt_cache_disk_use\n* Binlog_stmt_cache_use\n* Connection_errors_accept\n* Connection_errors_internal\n* Connection_errors_max_connections\n* Connection_errors_peer_address\n* Connection_errors_select\n* Connection_errors_tcpwrap\n* Created_tmp_files\n* Delayed_errors\n* Delayed_writes\n* Feature_check_constraint\n* Feature_delay_key_write\n* Max_used_connections\n* Opened_plugin_libraries\n* Performance_schema_accounts_lost\n* Performance_schema_cond_instances_lost\n* Performance_schema_digest_lost\n* Performance_schema_file_handles_lost\n* Performance_schema_file_instances_lost\n* Performance_schema_hosts_lost\n* Performance_schema_locker_lost\n* Performance_schema_mutex_instances_lost\n* Performance_schema_rwlock_instances_lost\n* Performance_schema_session_connect_attrs_lost\n* Performance_schema_socket_instances_lost\n* Performance_schema_stage_classes_lost\n* Performance_schema_statement_classes_lost\n* Performance_schema_table_handles_lost\n* Performance_schema_table_instances_lost\n* Performance_schema_thread_instances_lost\n* Performance_schema_users_lost\n* Qcache_hits\n* Qcache_inserts\n* Qcache_lowmem_prunes\n* Qcache_not_cached\n* Rpl_semi_sync_master_no_times\n* Rpl_semi_sync_master_no_tx\n* Rpl_semi_sync_master_timefunc_failures\n* Rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_pos_backtraverse\n* Rpl_semi_sync_master_yes_tx\n* Rpl_transactions_multi_engine\n* Server_audit_writes_failed\n* Slave_retried_transactions\n* Slow_launch_threads\n* Ssl_accept_renegotiates\n* Ssl_accepts\n* Ssl_callback_cache_hits\n* Ssl_client_connects\n* Ssl_connect_renegotiates\n* Ssl_ctx_verify_depth\n* Ssl_ctx_verify_mode\n* Ssl_finished_accepts\n* Ssl_finished_connects\n* Ssl_session_cache_hits\n* Ssl_session_cache_misses\n* Ssl_session_cache_overflows\n* Ssl_session_cache_size\n* Ssl_session_cache_timeouts\n* Ssl_sessions_reused\n* Ssl_used_session_cache_entries\n* Subquery_cache_hit\n* Subquery_cache_miss\n* Table_locks_immediate\n* Table_locks_waited\n* Tc_log_max_pages_used\n* Tc_log_page_waits\n* Transactions_gtid_foreign_engine\n* Transactions_multi_engine\n\nThe different usage of FLUSH TABLES\n-----------------------------------\n\nThe purpose of FLUSH TABLES\n---------------------------\n\nThe purpose of FLUSH TABLES is to clean up the open table cache and table\ndefinition cache from not in use tables. This frees up memory and file\ndescriptors. Normally this is not needed as the caches works on a FIFO bases,\nbut can be useful if the server seams to use up to much memory for some reason.\n\nThe purpose of FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK \n-------------------------------------------\n\nFLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK is useful if you want to take a backup of some\ntables. When FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK returns, all write access to tables\nare blocked and all tables are marked as \'properly closed\' on disk. The tables\ncan still be used for read operations.\n\nThe purpose of FLUSH TABLES table_list\n--------------------------------------\n\nFLUSH TABLES table_list is useful if you want to copy a table object/files to\nor from the server. This command puts a lock that stops new users of the table\nand will wait until everyone has stopped using the table. The table is then\nremoved from the table definition and table cache.\n\nNote that it\'s up to the user to ensure that no one is accessing the table\nbetween FLUSH TABLES and the table is copied to or from the server. This can\nbe secured by using LOCK TABLES.\n\nIf there are any tables locked by the connection that is using FLUSH TABLES\nall the locked tables will be closed as part of the flush and reopened and\nrelocked before FLUSH TABLES returns. This allows one to copy the table after\nFLUSH TABLES returns without having any writes on the table. For now this\nworks works with most tables, except InnoDB as InnoDB may do background purges\non the table even while it\'s write locked.\n\nThe purpose of FLUSH TABLES table_list WITH READ LOCK\n-----------------------------------------------------\n\nFLUSH TABLES table_list WITH READ LOCK should work as FLUSH TABLES WITH READ\nLOCK, but only those tables that are listed will be properly closed. However\nin practice this works exactly like FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK as the FLUSH\ncommand has anyway to wait for all WRITE operations to end because we are\ndepending on a global read lock for this code. In the future we should\nconsider fixing this to instead use meta data locks.\n\nImplementation of FLUSH TABLES commands in MariaDB 10.4.8 and above\n-------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nImplementation of FLUSH TABLES\n------------------------------\n\n* Free memory and file descriptors not in use\n\nImplementation of FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK\n---------------------------------------------\n\n* Lock all tables read only for simple old style backup.\n* All background writes are suspended and tables are marked as closed.\n* No statement requiring table changes are allowed for any user until UNLOCK\nTABLES.\n\nInstead of using FLUSH TABLE WITH READ LOCK one should in most cases instead\nuse BACKUP STAGE BLOCK_COMMIT.\n\nImplementation of FLUSH TABLES table_list\n-----------------------------------------\n\n* Free memory and file descriptors for tables not in use from table list.\n* Lock given tables as read only.\n* Wait until all translations has ended that uses any of the given tables.\n* Wait until all background writes are suspended and tables are marked as\nclosed.\n\nImplementation of FLUSH TABLES table_list FOR EXPORT\n----------------------------------------------------\n\n* Free memory and file descriptors for tables not in use from table list\n* Lock given tables as read.\n* Wait until all background writes are suspended and tables are marked as\nclosed.\n* Check that all tables supports FOR EXPORT\n* No changes to these tables allowed until UNLOCK TABLES\n\nThis is basically the same behavior as in old MariaDB version if one first\nlock the tables, then do FLUSH TABLES. The tables will be copyable until\nUNLOCK TABLES.\n\nFLUSH SSL\n---------\n\nMariaDB starting with 10.4\n--------------------------\nThe FLUSH SSL command was first added in MariaDB 10.4.\n\nIn MariaDB 10.4 and later, the FLUSH SSL command can be used to dynamically\nreinitialize the server\'s TLS context. This is most useful if you need to\nreplace a certificate that is about to expire without restarting the server.\n\nThis operation is performed by reloading the files defined by the following\nTLS system variables:\n\n* ssl_cert\n* ssl_key\n* ssl_ca\n* ssl_capath\n* ssl_crl\n* ssl_crlpath\n\nThese TLS system variables are not dynamic, so their values can not be changed\nwithout restarting the server.\n\nIf you want to dynamically reinitialize the server\'s TLS context, then you\nneed to change the certificate and key files at the relevant paths defined by\nthese TLS system variables, without actually changing the values of the\nvariables. See MDEV-19341 for more information.\n\nReducing Memory Usage\n---------------------\n\nTo flush some of the global caches that take up memory, you could execute the\nfollowing command:\n\nFLUSH LOCAL HOSTS,\n QUERY CACHE,\n TABLE_STATISTICS,\n INDEX_STATISTICS,\n USER_STATISTICS;\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/flush/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/flush/'),
(346,'FLUSH QUERY CACHE',26,'Description\n-----------\n\nYou can defragment the query cache to better utilize its memory with the FLUSH\nQUERY CACHE statement. The statement does not remove any queries from the\ncache.\n\nThe RESET QUERY CACHE statement removes all query results from the query\ncache. The FLUSH TABLES statement also does this.\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/flush-query-cache/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/flush-query-cache/'),
(189,'VARIANCE',16,'Syntax\n------\n\nVARIANCE(expr)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nReturns the population standard variance of expr. This is an extension to\nstandard SQL. The standard SQL function VAR_POP() can be used instead.\n\nVariance is calculated by\n\n* working out the mean for the set\n* for each number, subtracting the mean and squaring the result\n* calculate the average of the resulting differences\n\nIt is an aggregate function, and so can be used with the GROUP BY clause.\n\nVARIANCE() can be used as a window function.\n\nVARIANCE() returns NULL if there were no matching rows.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nCREATE TABLE v(i tinyint);\n\nINSERT INTO v VALUES(101),(99);\n\nSELECT VARIANCE(i) FROM v;\n+-------------+\n| VARIANCE(i) |\n+-------------+\n|      1.0000 |\n+-------------+\n\nINSERT INTO v VALUES(120),(80);\n\nSELECT VARIANCE(i) FROM v;\n+-------------+\n| VARIANCE(i) |\n+-------------+\n|    200.5000 |\n+-------------+\n\nAs an aggregate function:\n\nCREATE OR REPLACE TABLE stats (category VARCHAR(2), x INT);\n\nINSERT INTO stats VALUES \n (\'a\',1),(\'a\',2),(\'a\',3),\n (\'b\',11),(\'b\',12),(\'b\',20),(\'b\',30),(\'b\',60);\n\nSELECT category, STDDEV_POP(x), STDDEV_SAMP(x), VAR_POP(x) \n FROM stats GROUP BY category;\n+----------+---------------+----------------+------------+\n| category | STDDEV_POP(x) | STDDEV_SAMP(x) | VAR_POP(x) |\n+----------+---------------+----------------+------------+\n| a        |        0.8165 |         1.0000 |     0.6667 |\n| b        |       18.0400 |        20.1693 |   325.4400 |\n+----------+---------------+----------------+------------+\n\nAs a window function:\n\nCREATE OR REPLACE TABLE student_test (name CHAR(10), test CHAR(10), score\nTINYINT);\n\nINSERT INTO student_test VALUES \n  (\'Chun\', \'SQL\', 75), (\'Chun\', \'Tuning\', 73),\n  (\'Esben\', \'SQL\', 43), (\'Esben\', \'Tuning\', 31),\n  (\'Kaolin\', \'SQL\', 56), (\'Kaolin\', \'Tuning\', 88),\n  (\'Tatiana\', \'SQL\', 87);\n\nSELECT name, test, score, VAR_POP(score) \n OVER (PARTITION BY test) AS variance_results FROM student_test;\n+---------+--------+-------+------------------+\n| name    | test   | score | variance_results |\n+---------+--------+-------+------------------+\n| Chun    | SQL    |    75 |         287.1875 |\n| Chun    | Tuning |    73 |         582.0000 |\n| Esben   | SQL    |    43 |         287.1875 |\n| Esben   | Tuning |    31 |         582.0000 |\n| Kaolin  | SQL    |    56 |         287.1875 |\n| Kaolin  | Tuning |    88 |         582.0000 |\n| Tatiana | SQL    |    87 |         287.1875 |\n+---------+--------+-------+------------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/variance/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/variance/'),
(190,'VAR_POP',16,'Syntax\n------\n\nVAR_POP(expr)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nReturns the population standard variance of expr. It considers rows as the\nwhole population, not as a sample, so it has the number of rows as the\ndenominator. You can also use VARIANCE(), which is equivalent but is not\nstandard SQL.\n\nVariance is calculated by\n\n* working out the mean for the set\n* for each number, subtracting the mean and squaring the result\n* calculate the average of the resulting differences\n\nIt is an aggregate function, and so can be used with the GROUP BY clause.\n\nVAR_POP() can be used as a window function.\n\nVAR_POP() returns NULL if there were no matching rows.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nCREATE TABLE v(i tinyint);\n\nINSERT INTO v VALUES(101),(99);\n\nSELECT VAR_POP(i) FROM v;\n+------------+\n| VAR_POP(i) |\n+------------+\n|     1.0000 |\n+------------+\n\nINSERT INTO v VALUES(120),(80);\n\nSELECT VAR_POP(i) FROM v;\n+------------+\n| VAR_POP(i) |\n+------------+\n|   200.5000 |\n+------------+\n\nAs an aggregate function:\n\nCREATE OR REPLACE TABLE stats (category VARCHAR(2), x INT);\n\nINSERT INTO stats VALUES \n (\'a\',1),(\'a\',2),(\'a\',3),\n (\'b\',11),(\'b\',12),(\'b\',20),(\'b\',30),(\'b\',60);\n\nSELECT category, STDDEV_POP(x), STDDEV_SAMP(x), VAR_POP(x) \n FROM stats GROUP BY category;\n+----------+---------------+----------------+------------+\n| category | STDDEV_POP(x) | STDDEV_SAMP(x) | VAR_POP(x) |\n+----------+---------------+----------------+------------+\n| a        |        0.8165 |         1.0000 |     0.6667 |\n| b        |       18.0400 |        20.1693 |   325.4400 |\n+----------+---------------+----------------+------------+\n\nAs a window function:\n\nCREATE OR REPLACE TABLE student_test (name CHAR(10), test CHAR(10), score\nTINYINT);\n\nINSERT INTO student_test VALUES \n  (\'Chun\', \'SQL\', 75), (\'Chun\', \'Tuning\', 73),\n  (\'Esben\', \'SQL\', 43), (\'Esben\', \'Tuning\', 31),\n  (\'Kaolin\', \'SQL\', 56), (\'Kaolin\', \'Tuning\', 88),\n  (\'Tatiana\', \'SQL\', 87);\n\nSELECT name, test, score, VAR_POP(score) \n OVER (PARTITION BY test) AS variance_results FROM student_test;\n+---------+--------+-------+------------------+\n| name    | test   | score | variance_results |\n+---------+--------+-------+------------------+\n| Chun    | SQL    |    75 |         287.1875 |\n| Esben   | SQL    |    43 |         287.1875 |\n| Kaolin  | SQL    |    56 |         287.1875 |\n| Tatiana | SQL    |    87 |         287.1875 |\n| Chun    | Tuning |    73 |         582.0000 |\n| Esben   | Tuning |    31 |         582.0000 |\n| Kaolin  | Tuning |    88 |         582.0000 |\n+---------+--------+-------+------------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/var_pop/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/var_pop/'),
(349,'SHOW SLAVE STATUS',26,'Syntax\n------\n\nSHOW SLAVE [\"connection_name\"] STATUS [FOR CHANNEL \"connection_name\"]\nSHOW REPLICA [\"connection_name\"] STATUS -- From MariaDB 10.5.1\n\nor\n\nSHOW ALL SLAVES STATUS\nSHOW ALL REPLICAS STATUS -- From MariaDB 10.5.1\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nThis statement is to be run on a replica and provides status information on\nessential parameters of the replica threads.\n\nThis statement requires the SUPER privilege, the REPLICATION_CLIENT privilege,\nor, from MariaDB 10.5.2, the REPLICATION SLAVE ADMIN privilege, or, from\nMariaDB 10.5.9, the REPLICA MONITOR privilege.\n\nMulti-Source\n------------\n\nThe ALL and \"connection_name\" options allow you to connect to many primaries\nat the same time.\n\nALL SLAVES (or ALL REPLICAS from MariaDB 10.5.1) gives you a list of all\nconnections to the primary nodes.\n\nThe rows will be sorted according to Connection_name.\n\nIf you specify a connection_name, you only get the information about that\nconnection. If connection_name is not used, then the name set by\ndefault_master_connection is used. If the connection name doesn\'t exist you\nwill get an error: There is no master connection for \'xxx\'.\n\nMariaDB starting with 10.7.0\n----------------------------\nThe FOR CHANNEL keyword was added for MySQL compatibility. This is identical\nto using the channel_name directly after SHOW SLAVE.\n\nColumn Descriptions\n-------------------\n\n+---------------------+------------------------------------------------------+\n| Name                | Description                                          |\n+---------------------+------------------------------------------------------+\n| Connection_name     | Name of the primary connection. Returned with SHOW   |\n|                     | ALL SLAVES STATUS (or SHOW ALL REPLICAS STATUS from  |\n|                     | MariaDB 10.5.1) only.                                |\n+---------------------+------------------------------------------------------+\n| Slave_SQL_State     | State of SQL thread. Returned with SHOW ALL SLAVES   |\n|                     | STATUS (or SHOW ALL REPLICAS STATUS from MariaDB     |\n|                     | 10.5.1) only. See Slave SQL Thread States.           |\n+---------------------+------------------------------------------------------+\n| Slave_IO_State      | State of I/O thread. See Slave I/O Thread States.    |\n+---------------------+------------------------------------------------------+\n| Master_host         | Master host that the replica is connected to.        |\n+---------------------+------------------------------------------------------+\n| Master_user         | Account user name being used to connect to the       |\n|                     | primary.                                             |\n+---------------------+------------------------------------------------------+\n| Master_port         | The port being used to connect to the primary.       |\n+---------------------+------------------------------------------------------+\n| Connect_Retry       | Time in seconds between retries to connect. The      |\n|                     | default is 60. The CHANGE MASTER TO statement can    |\n|                     | set this. The master-retry-count option determines   |\n|                     | the maximum number of reconnection attempts.         |\n+---------------------+------------------------------------------------------+\n| Master_Log_File     | Name of the primary binary log file that the I/O     |\n|                     | thread is currently reading from.                    |\n+---------------------+------------------------------------------------------+\n| Read_Master_Log_Pos | Position up to which the I/O thread has read in the  |\n|                     | current primary binary log file.                     |\n+---------------------+------------------------------------------------------+\n| Relay_Log_File      | Name of the relay log file that the SQL thread is    |\n|                     | currently processing.                                |\n+---------------------+------------------------------------------------------+\n| Relay_Log_Pos       | Position up to which the SQL thread has finished     |\n|                     | processing in the current relay log file.            |\n+---------------------+------------------------------------------------------+\n| Relay_Master_Log_Fi | Name of the primary binary log file that contains    |\n| e                   | the most recent event executed by the SQL thread.    |\n+---------------------+------------------------------------------------------+\n| Slave_IO_Running    | Whether the replica I/O thread is running and        |\n|                     | connected (Yes), running but not connected to a      |\n|                     | primary (Connecting) or not running (No).            |\n+---------------------+------------------------------------------------------+\n| Slave_SQL_Running   | Whether or not the SQL thread is running.            |\n+---------------------+------------------------------------------------------+\n| Replicate_Rewrite_D | Databases specified for replicating  and rewriting   |\n|                     | with the replicate_rewrite_db option. Added in       |\n|                     | MariaDB 10.11                                        |\n+---------------------+------------------------------------------------------+\n| Replicate_Do_DB     | Databases specified for replicating with the         |\n|                     | replicate_do_db option.                              |\n+---------------------+------------------------------------------------------+\n| Replicate_Ignore_DB | Databases specified for ignoring with the            |\n|                     | replicate_ignore_db option.                          |\n+---------------------+------------------------------------------------------+\n| Replicate_Do_Table  | Tables specified for replicating with the            |\n|                     | replicate_do_table option.                           |\n+---------------------+------------------------------------------------------+\n| Replicate_Ignore_Ta | Tables specified for ignoring with the               |\n| le                  | replicate_ignore_table option.                       |\n+---------------------+------------------------------------------------------+\n| Replicate_Wild_Do_T | Tables specified for replicating with the            |\n| ble                 | replicate_wild_do_table option.                      |\n+---------------------+------------------------------------------------------+\n| Replicate_Wild_Igno | Tables specified for ignoring with the               |\n| e_Table             | replicate_wild_ignore_table option.                  |\n+---------------------+------------------------------------------------------+\n| Last_Errno          | Alias for Last_SQL_Errno (see below)                 |\n+---------------------+------------------------------------------------------+\n| Last Error          | Alias for Last_SQL_Error (see below)                 |\n+---------------------+------------------------------------------------------+\n| Skip_Counter        | Number of events that a replica skips from the       |\n|                     | master, as recorded in the sql_slave_skip_counter    |\n|                     | system variable.                                     |\n+---------------------+------------------------------------------------------+\n| Exec_Master_Log_Pos | Position up to which the SQL thread has processed    |\n|                     | in the current master binary log file. Can be used   |\n|                     | to start a new replica from a current replica with   |\n|                     | the CHANGE MASTER TO ... MASTER_LOG_POS option.      |\n+---------------------+------------------------------------------------------+\n| Relay_Log_Space     | Total size of all relay log files combined.          |\n+---------------------+------------------------------------------------------+\n| Until_Condition     |                                                      |\n+---------------------+------------------------------------------------------+\n| Until_Log_File      | The MASTER_LOG_FILE value of the START SLAVE UNTIL   |\n|                     | condition.                                           |\n+---------------------+------------------------------------------------------+\n| Until_Log_Pos       | The MASTER_LOG_POS value of the START SLAVE UNTIL    |\n|                     | condition.                                           |\n+---------------------+------------------------------------------------------+\n| Master_SSL_Allowed  | Whether an SSL connection is permitted (Yes), not    |\n|                     | permitted (No) or permitted but without the replica  |\n|                     | having SSL support enabled (Ignored)                 |\n+---------------------+------------------------------------------------------+\n| Master_SSL_CA_File  | The MASTER_SSL_CA option of the CHANGE MASTER TO     |\n|                     | statement.                                           |\n+---------------------+------------------------------------------------------+\n| Master_SSL_CA_Path  | The MASTER_SSL_CAPATH option of the CHANGE MASTER    |\n|                     | TO statement.                                        |\n+---------------------+------------------------------------------------------+\n| Master_SSL_Cert     | The MASTER_SSL_CERT option of the CHANGE MASTER TO   |\n|                     | statement.                                           |\n+---------------------+------------------------------------------------------+\n| Master_SSL_Cipher   | The MASTER_SSL_CIPHER option of the CHANGE MASTER    |\n|                     | TO statement.                                        |\n+---------------------+------------------------------------------------------+\n| Master_SSL_Key      | The MASTER_SSL_KEY option of the CHANGE MASTER TO    |\n|                     | statement.                                           |\n+---------------------+------------------------------------------------------+\n| Seconds_Behind_Mast | Difference between the timestamp logged on the       |\n| r                   | master for the event that the replica is currently   |\n|                     | processing, and the current timestamp on the         |\n|                     | replica. Zero if the replica is not currently        |\n|                     | processing an event. With serial replication,        |\n|                     | seconds_behind_master is updated when the SQL        |\n|                     | thread begins executing a transaction. With          |\n|                     | parallel replication, seconds_behind_master is       |\n|                     | updated only after transactions commit. Starting in  |\n|                     | MariaDB 10.3.38, 10.4.28, 10.5.19, 10.6.12, 10.8.7,  |\n|                     | 10.9.5, 10.10.3, and 10.11.2, an exception is drawn  |\n|                     | on the parallel replica to additionally update       |\n|                     | seconds_behind_master when the first transaction     |\n|                     | received after idling is queued to a worker for      |\n|                     | execution, to provide a reliable initial value for   |\n|                     | the duration until a transaction commits.            |\n|                     | Additional behaviors to be aware of are as follows:  |\n|                     | 1) Seconds_Behind_Master will update for ignored     |\n|                     | events, e.g. those skipped due to                    |\n|                     | sql_slave_skip_counter. 2) On the serial replica,    |\n|                     | transactions with prior timestamps can update        |\n|                     | Seconds_Behind_Master such that it can go            |\n|                     | backwards, though this is not true for the parallel  |\n|                     | replica. 3) When configured with MASTER_DELAY, as a  |\n|                     | replicated transaction begins executing (i.e. on a   |\n|                     | serial or post-idle parallel replica),               |\n|                     | Seconds_Behind_Master will update before delaying,   |\n|                     | and while delaying occurs will grow to encompass     |\n|                     | the configured value. 4) There is a known issue,     |\n|                     | tracked by MDEV-17516, such that                     |\n|                     | Seconds_Behind_Master will initially present as 0    |\n|                     | on replica restart until a replicated transaction    |\n|                     | begins executing, even if the last replica session   |\n|                     | was lagging behind when stopped.                     |\n+---------------------+------------------------------------------------------+\n| Master_SSL_Verify_S | The MASTER_SSL_VERIFY_SERVER_CERT option of the      |\n| rver_Cert           | CHANGE MASTER TO statement.                          |\n+---------------------+------------------------------------------------------+\n| Last_IO_Errno       | Error code of the most recent error that caused the  |\n|                     | I/O thread to stop (also recorded in the replica\'s   |\n|                     | error log). 0 means no error. RESET SLAVE or RESET   |\n|                     | MASTER will reset this value.                        |\n+---------------------+------------------------------------------------------+\n| Last_IO_Error       | Error message of the most recent error that caused   |\n|                     | the I/O thread to stop (also recorded in the         |\n|                     | replica\'s error log). An empty string means no       |\n|                     | error. RESET SLAVE or RESET MASTER will reset this   |\n|                     | value.                                               |\n+---------------------+------------------------------------------------------+\n| Last_SQL_Errno      | Error code of the most recent error that caused the  |\n|                     | SQL thread to stop (also recorded in the replica\'s   |\n|                     | error log). 0 means no error. RESET SLAVE or RESET   |\n|                     | MASTER will reset this value.                        |\n+---------------------+------------------------------------------------------+\n| Last_SQL_Error      | Error message of the most recent error that caused   |\n|                     | the SQL thread to stop (also recorded in the         |\n|                     | replica\'s error log). An empty string means no       |\n|                     | error. RESET SLAVE or RESET MASTER will reset this   |\n|                     | value.                                               |\n+---------------------+------------------------------------------------------+\n| Replicate_Ignore_Se | List of server_ids that are currently being ignored  |\n| ver_Ids             | for replication purposes, or an empty string for     |\n|                     | none, as specified in the IGNORE_SERVER_IDS option   |\n|                     | of the CHANGE MASTER TO statement.                   |\n+---------------------+------------------------------------------------------+\n| Master_Server_Id    | The master\'s server_id value.                        |\n+---------------------+------------------------------------------------------+\n| Master_SSL_Crl      | The MASTER_SSL_CRL option of the CHANGE MASTER TO    |\n|                     | statement.                                           |\n+---------------------+------------------------------------------------------+\n| Master_SSL_Crlpath  | The MASTER_SSL_CRLPATH option of the CHANGE MASTER   |\n|                     | TO statement.                                        |\n+---------------------+------------------------------------------------------+\n| Using_Gtid          | Whether or not global transaction ID\'s are being     |\n|                     | used for replication (can be No, Slave_Pos, or       |\n|                     | Current_Pos).                                        |\n+---------------------+------------------------------------------------------+\n| Gtid_IO_Pos         | Current global transaction ID value.                 |\n+---------------------+------------------------------------------------------+\n| Retried_transaction | Number of retried transactions for this connection.  |\n|                     | Returned with SHOW ALL SLAVES STATUS only.           |\n+---------------------+------------------------------------------------------+\n| Max_relay_log_size  | Max relay log size for this connection. Returned     |\n|                     | with SHOW ALL SLAVES STATUS only.                    |\n+---------------------+------------------------------------------------------+\n| Executed_log_entrie | How many log entries the replica has executed.       |\n|                     | Returned with SHOW ALL SLAVES STATUS only.           |\n+---------------------+------------------------------------------------------+\n| Slave_received_hear | How many heartbeats we have got from the master.     |\n| beats               | Returned with SHOW ALL SLAVES STATUS only.           |\n+---------------------+------------------------------------------------------+\n| Slave_heartbeat_per | How often to request a heartbeat packet from the     |\n| od                  | master (in seconds). Returned with SHOW ALL SLAVES   |\n|                     | STATUS only.                                         |\n+---------------------+------------------------------------------------------+\n| Gtid_Slave_Pos      | GTID of the last event group replicated on a         |\n|                     | replica server, for each replication domain, as      |\n|                     | stored in the gtid_slave_pos system variable.        |\n|                     | Returned with SHOW ALL SLAVES STATUS only.           |\n+---------------------+------------------------------------------------------+\n| SQL_Delay           | Value specified by MASTER_DELAY in CHANGE MASTER     |\n|                     | (or 0 if none).                                      |\n+---------------------+------------------------------------------------------+\n| SQL_Remaining_Delay | When the replica is delaying the execution of an     |\n|                     | event due to MASTER_DELAY, this is the number of     |\n|                     | seconds of delay remaining before the event will be  |\n|                     | applied. Otherwise, the value is NULL.               |\n+---------------------+------------------------------------------------------+\n| Slave_SQL_Running_S | The state of the SQL driver threads, same as in      |\n| ate                 | SHOW PROCESSLIST. When the replica is delaying the   |\n|                     | execution of an event due to MASTER_DELAY, this      |\n|                     | field displays: \"Waiting until MASTER_DELAY seconds  |\n|                     | after master executed event\".                        |\n+---------------------+------------------------------------------------------+\n| Slave_DDL_Groups    | This status variable counts the occurrence of DDL    |\n|                     | statements.  This is a replica-side counter for      |\n|                     | optimistic parallel replication.                     |\n+---------------------+------------------------------------------------------+\n| Slave_Non_Transacti | This status variable counts the occurrence of        |\n| nal_Groups          | non-transactional event groups.  This is a           |\n|                     | replica-side counter for optimistic parallel         |\n|                     | replication.                                         |\n+---------------------+------------------------------------------------------+\n| Slave_Transactional | This status variable counts the occurrence of        |\n| Groups              | transactional event groups.  This is a replica-side  |\n|                     | counter for optimistic parallel replication.         |\n+---------------------+------------------------------------------------------+\n\nSHOW REPLICA STATUS\n-------------------\n\nMariaDB starting with 10.5.1\n----------------------------\nSHOW REPLICA STATUS is an alias for SHOW SLAVE STATUS from MariaDB 10.5.1.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nIf you issue this statement using the mariadb client, you can use a \\G\nstatement terminator rather than a semicolon to obtain a more readable\nvertical layout.\n\nSHOW SLAVE STATUS\\G\n*************************** 1. row ***************************\n       Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event\n         Master_Host: db01.example.com\n         Master_User: replicant\n         Master_Port: 3306\n        Connect_Retry: 60\n       Master_Log_File: mariadb-bin.000010\n     Read_Master_Log_Pos: 548\n       Relay_Log_File: relay-bin.000004\n        Relay_Log_Pos: 837\n    Relay_Master_Log_File: mariadb-bin.000010\n      Slave_IO_Running: Yes\n      Slave_SQL_Running: Yes\n       Replicate_Do_DB:\n     Replicate_Ignore_DB:\n     Replicate_Do_Table:\n   Replicate_Ignore_Table:\n   Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:\n Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:\n         Last_Errno: 0\n         Last_Error:\n        Skip_Counter: 0\n     Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 548\n       Relay_Log_Space: 1497\n       Until_Condition: None\n       Until_Log_File:\n        Until_Log_Pos: 0\n     Master_SSL_Allowed: No\n     Master_SSL_CA_File:\n     Master_SSL_CA_Path:\n       Master_SSL_Cert:\n      Master_SSL_Cipher:\n       Master_SSL_Key:\n    Seconds_Behind_Master: 0\nMaster_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No\n        Last_IO_Errno: 0\n        Last_IO_Error:\n       Last_SQL_Errno: 0\n       Last_SQL_Error:\n Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:\n      Master_Server_Id: 101\n       Master_SSL_Crl:\n     Master_SSL_Crlpath:\n         Using_Gtid: No\n         Gtid_IO_Pos:\n\nSHOW ALL SLAVES STATUS\\G\n*************************** 1. row ***************************\n       Connection_name:\n       Slave_SQL_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the\nslave I/O thread to update it\n       Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event\n         Master_Host: db01.example.com\n         Master_User: replicant\n         Master_Port: 3306\n        Connect_Retry: 60\n       Master_Log_File: mariadb-bin.000010\n     Read_Master_Log_Pos: 3608\n       Relay_Log_File: relay-bin.000004\n        Relay_Log_Pos: 3897\n    Relay_Master_Log_File: mariadb-bin.000010\n      Slave_IO_Running: Yes\n      Slave_SQL_Running: Yes\n       Replicate_Do_DB:\n     Replicate_Ignore_DB:\n     Replicate_Do_Table:\n   Replicate_Ignore_Table:\n   Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:\n Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:\n         Last_Errno: 0\n         Last_Error:\n        Skip_Counter: 0\n     Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 3608\n       Relay_Log_Space: 4557\n       Until_Condition: None\n       Until_Log_File:\n        Until_Log_Pos: 0\n     Master_SSL_Allowed: No\n     Master_SSL_CA_File:\n     Master_SSL_CA_Path:\n       Master_SSL_Cert:\n      Master_SSL_Cipher:\n       Master_SSL_Key:\n    Seconds_Behind_Master: 0\nMaster_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No\n        Last_IO_Errno: 0\n        Last_IO_Error:\n       Last_SQL_Errno: 0\n       Last_SQL_Error:\n Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:\n      Master_Server_Id: 101\n       Master_SSL_Crl:\n     Master_SSL_Crlpath:\n         Using_Gtid: No\n         Gtid_IO_Pos:\n    Retried_transactions: 0\n     Max_relay_log_size: 104857600\n    Executed_log_entries: 40\n  Slave_received_heartbeats: 11\n   Slave_heartbeat_period: 1800.000\n       Gtid_Slave_Pos: 0-101-2320\n\nYou can also access some of the variables directly from status variables:\n\nSET @@default_master_connection=\"test\" ;\nshow status like \"%slave%\"\n\nVariable_name   Value\nCom_show_slave_hosts    0\nCom_show_slave_status   0\nCom_start_all_slaves    0\nCom_start_slave 0\nCom_stop_all_slaves     0\nCom_stop_slave  0\nRpl_semi_sync_slave_status      OFF\nSlave_connections       0\nSlave_heartbeat_period  1800.000\nSlave_open_temp_tables  0\nSlave_received_heartbeats       0\nSlave_retried_transactions      0\nSlave_running   OFF\nSlaves_connected        0\nSlaves_running  1\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/show-replica-status/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/show-replica-status/'),
(357,'SET SQL_LOG_BIN',26,'Syntax\n------\n\nSET [SESSION] sql_log_bin = {0|1}\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nSets the sql_log_bin system variable, which disables or enables binary logging\nfor the current connection, if the client has the SUPER privilege. The\nstatement is refused with an error if the client does not have that privilege.\n\nBefore MariaDB 5.5 and before MySQL 5.6 one could also set sql_log_bin as a\nglobal variable. This was disabled as this was too dangerous as it could\ndamage replication.\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/set-sql_log_bin/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/set-sql_log_bin/'),
(393,'SHOW PROFILES',26,'Syntax\n------\n\nSHOW PROFILES\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nThe SHOW PROFILES statement displays profiling information that indicates\nresource usage for statements executed during the course of the current\nsession. It is used together with SHOW PROFILE.\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/show-profiles/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/show-profiles/'),
(394,'SHOW QUERY_RESPONSE_TIME',26,'It is possible to use SHOW QUERY_RESPONSE_TIME as an alternative for\nretrieving information from the QUERY_RESPONSE_TIME plugin.\n\nThis was introduced as part of the Information Schema plugin extension.\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/show-query_response_time/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/show-query_response_time/'),
(405,'BINLOG',26,'Syntax\n------\n\nBINLOG \'str\'\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nBINLOG is an internal-use statement. It is generated by the mariadb-binlog\nprogram as the printable representation of certain events in binary log files.\nThe \'str\' value is a base 64-encoded string that the server decodes to\ndetermine the data change indicated by the corresponding event. This statement\nrequires the SUPER privilege (<= MariaDB 10.5.1) or the BINLOG REPLAY\nprivilege (>= MariaDB 10.5.2).\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/binlog/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/binlog/'),
(410,'LOAD INDEX',26,'Syntax\n------\n\nLOAD INDEX INTO CACHE\n tbl_index_list [, tbl_index_list] ...\n\ntbl_index_list:\n tbl_name\n  [[INDEX|KEY] (index_name[, index_name] ...)]\n  [IGNORE LEAVES]\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nThe LOAD INDEX INTO CACHE statement preloads a table index into the key cache\nto which it has been assigned by an explicit CACHE INDEX statement, or into\nthe default key cache otherwise. LOAD INDEX INTO CACHE is used only for MyISAM\nor Aria tables.\n\nThe IGNORE LEAVES modifier causes only blocks for the nonleaf nodes of the\nindex to be preloaded.\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/load-index/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/load-index/'),
(191,'VAR_SAMP',16,'Syntax\n------\n\nVAR_SAMP(expr)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nReturns the sample variance of expr. That is, the denominator is the number of\nrows minus one.\n\nIt is an aggregate function, and so can be used with the GROUP BY clause.\n\nVAR_SAMP() can be used as a window function.\n\nVAR_SAMP() returns NULL if there were no matching rows.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nAs an aggregate function:\n\nCREATE OR REPLACE TABLE stats (category VARCHAR(2), x INT);\n\nINSERT INTO stats VALUES \n (\'a\',1),(\'a\',2),(\'a\',3),\n (\'b\',11),(\'b\',12),(\'b\',20),(\'b\',30),(\'b\',60);\n\nSELECT category, STDDEV_POP(x), STDDEV_SAMP(x), VAR_POP(x) \n FROM stats GROUP BY category;\n+----------+---------------+----------------+------------+\n| category | STDDEV_POP(x) | STDDEV_SAMP(x) | VAR_POP(x) |\n+----------+---------------+----------------+------------+\n| a        |        0.8165 |         1.0000 |     0.6667 |\n| b        |       18.0400 |        20.1693 |   325.4400 |\n+----------+---------------+----------------+------------+\n\nAs a window function:\n\nCREATE OR REPLACE TABLE student_test (name CHAR(10), test CHAR(10), score\nTINYINT);\n\nINSERT INTO student_test VALUES \n  (\'Chun\', \'SQL\', 75), (\'Chun\', \'Tuning\', 73),\n  (\'Esben\', \'SQL\', 43), (\'Esben\', \'Tuning\', 31),\n  (\'Kaolin\', \'SQL\', 56), (\'Kaolin\', \'Tuning\', 88),\n  (\'Tatiana\', \'SQL\', 87);\n\nSELECT name, test, score, VAR_SAMP(score) \n OVER (PARTITION BY test) AS variance_results FROM student_test;\n+---------+--------+-------+------------------+\n| name    | test   | score | variance_results |\n+---------+--------+-------+------------------+\n| Chun    | SQL    |    75 |         382.9167 |\n| Chun    | Tuning |    73 |         873.0000 |\n| Esben   | SQL    |    43 |         382.9167 |\n| Esben   | Tuning |    31 |         873.0000 |\n| Kaolin  | SQL    |    56 |         382.9167 |\n| Kaolin  | Tuning |    88 |         873.0000 |\n| Tatiana | SQL    |    87 |         382.9167 |\n+---------+--------+-------+------------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/var_samp/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/var_samp/'),
(194,'CHARSET',17,'Syntax\n------\n\nCHARSET(str)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nReturns the character set of the string argument. If str is not a string, it\nis considered as a binary string (so the function returns \'binary\'). This\napplies to NULL, too. The return value is a string in the utf8 character set.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT CHARSET(\'abc\');\n+----------------+\n| CHARSET(\'abc\') |\n+----------------+\n| latin1         |\n+----------------+\n\nSELECT CHARSET(CONVERT(\'abc\' USING utf8));\n+------------------------------------+\n| CHARSET(CONVERT(\'abc\' USING utf8)) |\n+------------------------------------+\n| utf8                               |\n+------------------------------------+\n\nSELECT CHARSET(USER());\n+-----------------+\n| CHARSET(USER()) |\n+-----------------+\n| utf8            |\n+-----------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/charset/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/charset/'),
(195,'COERCIBILITY',17,'Syntax\n------\n\nCOERCIBILITY(str)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nReturns the collation coercibility value of the string argument. Coercibility\ndefines what will be converted to what in case of collation conflict, with an\nexpression with higher coercibility being converted to the collation of an\nexpression with lower coercibility.\n\n+-----------------------------+---------------------------+------------------+\n| Coercibility                | Description               | Example          |\n+-----------------------------+---------------------------+------------------+\n| 0                           | Explicit                  | Value using a    |\n|                             |                           | COLLATE clause   |\n+-----------------------------+---------------------------+------------------+\n| 1                           | No collation              | Concatenated     |\n|                             |                           | strings using    |\n|                             |                           | different        |\n|                             |                           | collations       |\n+-----------------------------+---------------------------+------------------+\n| 2                           | Implicit                  | Column value     |\n+-----------------------------+---------------------------+------------------+\n| 3                           | Constant                  | USER() return    |\n|                             |                           | value            |\n+-----------------------------+---------------------------+------------------+\n| 4                           | Coercible                 | Literal string   |\n+-----------------------------+---------------------------+------------------+\n| 5                           | Ignorable                 | NULL or derived  |\n|                             |                           | from NULL        |\n+-----------------------------+---------------------------+------------------+\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT COERCIBILITY(\'abc\' COLLATE latin1_swedish_ci);\n+-----------------------------------------------+\n| COERCIBILITY(\'abc\' COLLATE latin1_swedish_ci) |\n+-----------------------------------------------+\n|                                             0 |\n+-----------------------------------------------+\n\nSELECT COERCIBILITY(USER());\n+----------------------+\n| COERCIBILITY(USER()) |\n+----------------------+\n|                    3 |\n+----------------------+\n\nSELECT COERCIBILITY(\'abc\');\n+---------------------+\n| COERCIBILITY(\'abc\') |\n+---------------------+\n|                   4 |\n+---------------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/coercibility/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/coercibility/'),
(414,'SHOW FUNCTION CODE',26,'Syntax\n------\n\nSHOW FUNCTION CODE func_name\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nSHOW FUNCTION CODE shows a representation of the internal implementation of\nthe stored function.\n\nIt is similar to SHOW PROCEDURE CODE but for stored functions.\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/show-function-code/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/show-function-code/'),
(444,'LOCK IN SHARE MODE',27,'InnoDB supports row-level locking. Selected rows can be locked using LOCK IN\nSHARE MODE or FOR UPDATE. In both cases, a lock is acquired on the rows read\nby the query, and it will be released when the current transaction is\ncommitted.\n\nWhen LOCK IN SHARE MODE is specified in a SELECT statement, MariaDB will wait\nuntil all transactions that have modified the rows are committed. Then, a\nwrite lock is acquired. All transactions can read the rows, but if they want\nto modify them, they have to wait until your transaction is committed.\n\nIf autocommit is set to 1 (the default), the LOCK IN SHARE MODE and FOR UPDATE\nclauses have no effect.\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/lock-in-share-mode/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/lock-in-share-mode/'),
(446,'PROCEDURE',27,'The PROCEDURE clause of SELECT passes the whole result set to a Procedure\nwhich will process it. These Procedures are not Stored Procedures, and can\nonly be written in the C language, so it is necessary to recompile the server.\n\nCurrently, the only available procedure is ANALYSE, which examines the\nresultset and suggests the optimal datatypes for each column. It is defined in\nthe sql/sql_analyse.cc file, and can be used as an example to create more\nProcedures.\n\nThis clause cannot be used in a view\'s definition.\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/procedure/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/procedure/'),
(198,'CURRENT_ROLE',17,'Syntax\n------\n\nCURRENT_ROLE, CURRENT_ROLE()\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nReturns the current role name. This determines your access privileges. The\nreturn value is a string in the utf8 character set.\n\nIf there is no current role, NULL is returned.\n\nThe output of SELECT CURRENT_ROLE is equivalent to the contents of the\nENABLED_ROLES Information Schema table.\n\nUSER() returns the combination of user and host used to login. CURRENT_USER()\nreturns the account used to determine current connection\'s privileges.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT CURRENT_ROLE;\n+--------------+\n| CURRENT_ROLE |\n+--------------+\n| NULL         |\n+--------------+\n\nSET ROLE staff;\n\nSELECT CURRENT_ROLE;\n+--------------+\n| CURRENT_ROLE |\n+--------------+\n| staff        |\n+--------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/current_role/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/current_role/'),
(199,'CURRENT_USER',17,'Syntax\n------\n\nCURRENT_USER, CURRENT_USER()\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nReturns the user name and host name combination for the MariaDB account that\nthe server used to authenticate the current client. This account determines\nyour access privileges. The return value is a string in the utf8 character set.\n\nThe value of CURRENT_USER() can differ from the value of USER().\nCURRENT_ROLE() returns the current active role.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nshell> mysql --user=\"anonymous\"\n\nselect user(),current_user();\n+---------------------+----------------+\n| user()              | current_user() |\n+---------------------+----------------+\n| anonymous@localhost | @localhost     |\n+---------------------+----------------+\n\nWhen calling CURRENT_USER() in a stored procedure, it returns the owner of the\nstored procedure, as defined with DEFINER.\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/current_user/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/current_user/'),
(200,'DATABASE',17,'Syntax\n------\n\nDATABASE()\nSCHEMA()\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nReturns the default (current) database name as a string in the utf8 character\nset. If there is no default database, DATABASE() returns NULL. Within a stored\nroutine, the default database is the database that the routine is associated\nwith, which is not necessarily the same as the database that is the default in\nthe calling context.\n\nSCHEMA() is a synonym for DATABASE().\n\nTo select a default database, the USE statement can be run. Another way to set\nthe default database is specifying its name at mariadb command line client\nstartup.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT DATABASE();\n+------------+\n| DATABASE() |\n+------------+\n| NULL       |\n+------------+\n\nUSE test;\nDatabase changed\n\nSELECT DATABASE();\n+------------+\n| DATABASE() |\n+------------+\n| test       |\n+------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/database/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/database/'),
(203,'FOUND_ROWS',17,'Syntax\n------\n\nFOUND_ROWS()\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nA SELECT statement may include a LIMIT clause to restrict the number of rows\nthe server returns to the client. In some cases, it is desirable to know how\nmany rows the statement would have returned without the LIMIT, but without\nrunning the statement again. To obtain this row count, include a\nSQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS option in the SELECT statement, and then invoke\nFOUND_ROWS() afterwards.\n\nYou can also use FOUND_ROWS() to obtain the number of rows returned by a\nSELECT which does not contain a LIMIT clause. In this case you don\'t need to\nuse the SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS option. This can be useful for example in a stored\nprocedure.\n\nAlso, this function works with some other statements which return a resultset,\nincluding SHOW, DESC and HELP. For DELETE ... RETURNING you should use\nROW_COUNT(). It also works as a prepared statement, or after executing a\nprepared statement.\n\nStatements which don\'t return any results don\'t affect FOUND_ROWS() - the\nprevious value will still be returned.\n\nWarning: When used after a CALL statement, this function returns the number of\nrows selected by the last query in the procedure, not by the whole procedure.\n\nStatements using the FOUND_ROWS() function are not safe for replication.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSHOW ENGINES\\G\n*************************** 1. row ***************************\n   Engine: CSV\n  Support: YES\n  Comment: Stores tables as CSV files\nTransactions: NO\n     XA: NO\n Savepoints: NO\n*************************** 2. row ***************************\n   Engine: MRG_MyISAM\n  Support: YES\n  Comment: Collection of identical MyISAM tables\nTransactions: NO\n     XA: NO\n Savepoints: NO\n\n...\n\n*************************** 8. row ***************************\n   Engine: PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA\n  Support: YES\n  Comment: Performance Schema\nTransactions: NO\n     XA: NO\n Savepoints: NO\n8 rows in set (0.000 sec)\n\nSELECT FOUND_ROWS();\n+--------------+\n| FOUND_ROWS() |\n+--------------+\n|           8 |\n+--------------+\n\nSELECT SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS * FROM tbl_name WHERE id > 100 LIMIT 10;\n\nSELECT FOUND_ROWS();\n+--------------+\n| FOUND_ROWS() |\n+--------------+\n|           23 |\n+--------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/found_rows/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/found_rows/'),
(447,'DUAL',27,'Description\n-----------\n\nYou are allowed to specify DUAL as a dummy table name in situations where no\ntables are referenced, such as the following SELECT statement:\n\nSELECT 1 + 1 FROM DUAL;\n+-------+\n| 1 + 1 |\n+-------+\n|     2 |\n+-------+\n\nDUAL is purely for the convenience of people who require that all SELECT\nstatements should have FROM and possibly other clauses. MariaDB ignores the\nclauses. MariaDB does not require FROM DUAL if no tables are referenced.\n\nFROM DUAL could be used when you only SELECT computed values, but require a\nWHERE clause, perhaps to test that a script correctly handles empty resultsets:\n\nSELECT 1 FROM DUAL WHERE FALSE;\nEmpty set (0.00 sec)\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/dual/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/dual/'),
(452,'LOAD DATA INFILE',27,'Syntax\n------\n\nLOAD DATA [LOW_PRIORITY | CONCURRENT] [LOCAL] INFILE \'file_name\'\n  [REPLACE | IGNORE]\n  INTO TABLE tbl_name\n  [CHARACTER SET charset_name]\n  [{FIELDS | COLUMNS}\n    [TERMINATED BY \'string\']\n    [[OPTIONALLY] ENCLOSED BY \'char\']\n    [ESCAPED BY \'char\']\n  ]\n  [LINES\n    [STARTING BY \'string\']\n    [TERMINATED BY \'string\']\n  ]\n  [IGNORE number {LINES|ROWS}]\n  [(col_name_or_user_var,...)]\n  [SET col_name = expr,...]\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nLOAD DATA INFILE is unsafe for statement-based replication.\n\nReads rows from a text file into the designated table on the database at a\nvery high speed. The file name must be given as a literal string.\n\nFiles are written to disk using the SELECT INTO OUTFILE statement. You can\nthen read the files back into a table using the LOAD DATA INFILE statement.\nThe FIELDS and LINES clauses are the same in both statements. These clauses\nare optional, but if both are specified then the FIELDS clause must precede\nLINES.\n\nExecuting this statement activates INSERT triggers.\n\nOne must have the FILE privilege to be able to execute LOAD DATA INFILE. This\nis to ensure normal users cannot read system files. LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE\ndoes not have this requirement.\n\nIf the secure_file_priv system variable is set (by default it is not), the\nloaded file must be present in the specified directory.\n\nNote that MariaDB\'s systemd unit file restricts access to /home, /root, and\n/run/user by default. See Configuring access to home directories.\n\nLOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE\n----------------------\n\nWhen you execute the LOAD DATA INFILE statement, MariaDB Server attempts to\nread the input file from its own file system. By contrast, when you execute\nthe LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE statement, the client attempts to read the input\nfile from its file system, and it sends the contents of the input file to the\nMariaDB Server. This allows you to load files from the client\'s local file\nsystem into the database.\n\nIf you don\'t want to permit this operation (perhaps for security reasons), you\ncan disable the LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE statement on either the server or the\nclient.\n\n* The LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE statement can be disabled on the server by\nsetting the local_infile system variable to 0.\n* The LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE statement can be disabled on the client. If you\nare using MariaDB Connector/C, this can be done by unsetting the\nCLIENT_LOCAL_FILES capability flag with the mysql_real_connect function or by\nunsetting the MYSQL_OPT_LOCAL_INFILE option with mysql_optionsv function. If\nyou are using a different client or client library, then see the documentation\nfor your specific client or client library to determine how it handles the\nLOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE statement.\n\nIf the LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE statement is disabled by either the server or\nthe client and if the user attempts to execute it, then the server will cause\nthe statement to fail with the following error message:\n\nThe used command is not allowed with this MariaDB version\n\nNote that it is not entirely accurate to say that the MariaDB version does not\nsupport the command. It would be more accurate to say that the MariaDB\nconfiguration does not support the command. See MDEV-20500 for more\ninformation.\n\nFrom MariaDB 10.5.2, the error message is more accurate:\n\nThe used command is not allowed because the MariaDB server or client \n has disabled the local infile capability\n\nREPLACE and IGNORE\n------------------\n\nIf you load data from a file into a table that already contains data and has a\nprimary key, you may encounter issues where the statement attempts to insert a\nrow with a primary key that already exists. When this happens, the statement\nfails with Error 1064, protecting the data already on the table. If you want\nMariaDB to overwrite duplicates, use the REPLACE keyword.\n\nThe REPLACE keyword works like the REPLACE statement. Here, the statement\nattempts to load the data from the file. If the row does not exist, it adds it\nto the table. If the row contains an existing primary key, it replaces the\ntable data. That is, in the event of a conflict, it assumes the file contains\nthe desired row.\n\nThis operation can cause a degradation in load speed by a factor of 20 or more\nif the part that has already been loaded is larger than the capacity of the\nInnoDB Buffer Pool. This happens because it causes a lot of turnaround in the\nbuffer pool.\n\nUse the IGNORE keyword when you want to skip any rows that contain a\nconflicting primary key. Here, the statement attempts to load the data from\nthe file. If the row does not exist, it adds it to the table. If the row\ncontains an existing primary key, it ignores the addition request and moves on\nto the next. That is, in the event of a conflict, it assumes the table\ncontains the desired row.\n\nCharacter-sets\n--------------\n\nWhen the statement opens the file, it attempts to read the contents using the\ndefault character-set, as defined by the character_set_database system\nvariable.\n\nIn the cases where the file was written using a character-set other than the\ndefault, you can specify the character-set to use with the CHARACTER SET\nclause in the statement. It ignores character-sets specified by the SET NAMES\nstatement and by the character_set_client system variable. Setting the\nCHARACTER SET clause to a value of binary indicates \"no conversion.\"\n\nThe statement interprets all fields in the file as having the same\ncharacter-set, regardless of the column data type. To properly interpret file\ncontents, you must ensure that it was written with the correct character-set.\nIf you write a data file with mariadb-dump -T or with the SELECT INTO OUTFILE\nstatement with the mariadb client, be sure to use the --default-character-set\noption, so that the output is written with the desired character-set.\n\nWhen using mixed character sets, use the CHARACTER SET clause in both SELECT\nINTO OUTFILE and LOAD DATA INFILE to ensure that MariaDB correctly interprets\nthe escape sequences.\n\nThe character_set_filesystem system variable controls the interpretation of\nthe filename.\n\nIt is currently not possible to load data files that use the ucs2 character\nset.\n\nPreprocessing Inputs\n--------------------\n\ncol_name_or_user_var can be a column name, or a user variable. In the case of\na variable, the SET statement can be used to preprocess the value before\nloading into the table.\n\nPriority and Concurrency\n------------------------\n\nIn storage engines that perform table-level locking (MyISAM, MEMORY and\nMERGE), using the LOW_PRIORITY keyword, MariaDB delays insertions until no\nother clients are reading from the table. Alternatively, when using the MyISAM\nstorage engine, you can use the CONCURRENT keyword to perform concurrent\ninsertion.\n\nThe LOW_PRIORITY and CONCURRENT keywords are mutually exclusive. They cannot\nbe used in the same statement.\n\nProgress Reporting\n------------------\n\nThe LOAD DATA INFILE statement supports progress reporting. You may find this\nuseful when dealing with long-running operations. Using another client you can\nissue a SHOW PROCESSLIST query to check the progress of the data load.\n\nUsing mariadb-import\n--------------------\n\nMariaDB ships with a separate utility for loading data from files:\nmariadb-import (or mysqlimport before MariaDB 10.5). It operates by sending\nLOAD DATA INFILE statements to the server.\n\nUsing mariadb-import you can compress the file using the --compress option, to\nget better performance over slow networks, providing both the client and\nserver support the compressed protocol. Use the --local option to load from\nthe local file system.\n\nIndexing\n--------\n\nIn cases where the storage engine supports ALTER TABLE... DISABLE KEYS\nstatements (MyISAM and Aria), the LOAD DATA INFILE statement automatically\ndisables indexes during the execution.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nYou have a file with this content (note the the separator is \',\', not tab,\nwhich is the default):\n\n2,2\n3,3\n4,4\n5,5\n6,8\n\nCREATE TABLE t1 (a int, b int, c int, d int, PRIMARY KEY (a));\nLOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE \n \'/tmp/loaddata7.dat\' INTO TABLE t1 FIELDS TERMINATED BY \',\' (a,b) SET c=a+b;\nSELECT * FROM t1;\n+------+------+------+\n| a    | b    | c    |\n+------+------+------+\n|    2 |    2 |    4 |\n|    3 |    3 |    6 |\n|    4 |    4 |    8 |\n|    5 |    5 |   10 |\n|    6 |    8 |   14 |\n+------+------+------+\n\nAnother example, given the following data (the separator is a tab):\n\n1       a\n2       b\n\nThe value of the first column is doubled before loading:\n\nLOAD DATA INFILE \'ld.txt\' INTO TABLE ld (@i,v) SET i=@i*2;\n\nSELECT * FROM ld;\n+------+------+\n| i    | v    |\n+------+------+\n|    2 | a    |\n|    4 | b    |\n+------+------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/load-data-infile/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/load-data-infile/'),
(462,'DO',27,'Syntax\n------\n\nDO expr [, expr] ...\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nDO executes the expressions but does not return any results. In most respects,\nDO is shorthand for SELECT expr, ..., but has the advantage that it is\nslightly faster when you do not care about the result.\n\nDO is useful primarily with functions that have side effects, such as\nRELEASE_LOCK().\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/do/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/do/'),
(466,'Useful MariaDB Queries',27,'This page is intended to be a quick reference of commonly-used and/or useful\nqueries in MariaDB.\n\nCreating a Table\n----------------\n\nCREATE TABLE t1 ( a INT );\nCREATE TABLE t2 ( b INT );\nCREATE TABLE student_tests (\n name CHAR(10), test CHAR(10), \n score TINYINT, test_date DATE\n);\n\nSee CREATE TABLE for more.\n\nInserting Records\n-----------------\n\nINSERT INTO t1 VALUES (1), (2), (3);\nINSERT INTO t2 VALUES (2), (4);\n\nINSERT INTO student_tests \n (name, test, score, test_date) VALUES\n (\'Chun\', \'SQL\', 75, \'2012-11-05\'), \n (\'Chun\', \'Tuning\', 73, \'2013-06-14\'),\n (\'Esben\', \'SQL\', 43, \'2014-02-11\'), \n (\'Esben\', \'Tuning\', 31, \'2014-02-09\'), \n (\'Kaolin\', \'SQL\', 56, \'2014-01-01\'),\n (\'Kaolin\', \'Tuning\', 88, \'2013-12-29\'), \n (\'Tatiana\', \'SQL\', 87, \'2012-04-28\'), \n (\'Tatiana\', \'Tuning\', 83, \'2013-09-30\');\n\nSee INSERT for more.\n\nUsing AUTO_INCREMENT\n--------------------\n\nThe AUTO_INCREMENT attribute is used to automatically generate a unique\nidentity for new rows.\n\nCREATE TABLE student_details (\n id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, name CHAR(10), \n date_of_birth DATE, PRIMARY KEY (id)\n);\n\nWhen inserting, the id field can be omitted, and is automatically created.\n\nINSERT INTO student_details (name,date_of_birth) VALUES \n (\'Chun\', \'1993-12-31\'), \n (\'Esben\',\'1946-01-01\'),\n (\'Kaolin\',\'1996-07-16\'),\n (\'Tatiana\', \'1988-04-13\');\n\nSELECT * FROM student_details;\n+----+---------+---------------+\n| id | name    | date_of_birth |\n+----+---------+---------------+\n|  1 | Chun    | 1993-12-31    |\n|  2 | Esben   | 1946-01-01    |\n|  3 | Kaolin  | 1996-07-16    |\n|  4 | Tatiana | 1988-04-13    |\n+----+---------+---------------+\n\nSee AUTO_INCREMENT for more.\n\nQuerying from two tables on a common value\n------------------------------------------\n\nSELECT * FROM t1 INNER JOIN t2 ON t1.a = t2.b;\n\nThis kind of query is called a join - see JOINS for more.\n\nFinding the Maximum Value\n-------------------------\n\nSELECT MAX(a) FROM t1;\n+--------+\n| MAX(a) |\n+--------+\n|      3 |\n+--------+\n\nSee the MAX() function for more, as well as Finding the maximum value and\ngrouping the results below for a more practical example.\n\nFinding the Minimum Value\n-------------------------\n\nSELECT MIN(a) FROM t1;\n+--------+\n| MIN(a) |\n+--------+\n|      1 |\n+--------+\n\nSee the MIN() function for more.\n\nFinding the Average Value\n-------------------------\n\nSELECT AVG(a) FROM t1;\n+--------+\n| AVG(a) |\n+--------+\n| 2.0000 |\n+--------+\n\nSee the AVG() function for more.\n\nFinding the Maximum Value and Grouping the Results\n--------------------------------------------------\n\nSELECT name, MAX(score) FROM student_tests GROUP BY name;\n+---------+------------+\n| name    | MAX(score) |\n+---------+------------+\n| Chun    |         75 |\n| Esben   |         43 |\n| Kaolin  |         88 |\n| Tatiana |         87 |\n+---------+------------+\n\nSee the MAX() function for more.\n\nOrdering Results\n----------------\n\nSELECT name, test, score FROM student_tests ORDER BY score DESC;\n+---------+--------+-------+\n| name    | test   | score |\n+---------+--------+-------+\n| Kaolin  | Tuning |    88 |\n| Tatiana | SQL    |    87 |\n| Tatiana | Tuning |    83 |\n| Chun    | SQL    |    75 |\n| Chun    | Tuning |    73 |\n| Kaolin  | SQL    |    56 |\n| Esben   | SQL    |    43 |\n| Esben   | Tuning |    31 |\n+---------+--------+-------+\n\nSee ORDER BY for more.\n\nFinding the Row with the Minimum of a Particular Column\n-------------------------------------------------------\n\nIn this example, we want to find the lowest test score for any student.\n\nSELECT name,test, score FROM student_tests WHERE score=(SELECT MIN(score) FROM\nstudent);\n+-------+--------+-------+\n| name  | test   | score |\n+-------+--------+-------+\n| Esben | Tuning |    31 |\n+-------+--------+-------+\n\nFinding Rows with the Maximum Value of a Column by Group\n--------------------------------------------------------\n\nThis example returns the best test results of each student:\n\nSELECT name, test, score FROM student_tests st1 WHERE score = (\n SELECT MAX(score) FROM student st2 WHERE st1.name = st2.name\n); \n+---------+--------+-------+\n| name    | test   | score |\n+---------+--------+-------+\n| Chun    | SQL    |    75 |\n| Esben   | SQL    |    43 |\n| Kaolin  | Tuning |    88 |\n| Tatiana | SQL    |    87 |\n+---------+--------+-------+\n\nCalculating Age\n---------------\n\nThe TIMESTAMPDIFF function can be used to calculate someone\'s age:\n\nSELECT CURDATE() AS today;\n+------------+\n| today      |\n+------------+\n| 2014-02-17 |\n+------------+\n\nSELECT name, date_of_birth, TIMESTAMPDIFF(YEAR,date_of_birth,\'2014-08-02\') AS\nage \n FROM student_details;\n+---------+---------------+------+\n| name    | date_of_birth | age  |\n+---------+---------------+------+\n| Chun    | 1993-12-31    |   20 |\n| Esben   | 1946-01-01    |   68 |\n| Kaolin  | 1996-07-16    |   18 |\n| Tatiana | 1988-04-13    |   26 |\n+---------+---------------+------+\n\nSee TIMESTAMPDIFF() for more.\n\nUsing User-defined Variables\n----------------------------\n\nThis example sets a user-defined variable with the average test score, and\nthen uses it in a later query to return all results above the average.\n\nSELECT @avg_score:= AVG(score) FROM student_tests;\n+-------------------------+\n| @avg_score:= AVG(score) |\n+-------------------------+\n|            67.000000000 |\n+-------------------------+\n\nSELECT * FROM student_tests WHERE score > @avg_score;\n+---------+--------+-------+------------+\n| name    | test   | score | test_date  |\n+---------+--------+-------+------------+\n| Chun    | SQL    |    75 | 2012-11-05 |\n| Chun    | Tuning |    73 | 2013-06-14 |\n| Kaolin  | Tuning |    88 | 2013-12-29 |\n| Tatiana | SQL    |    87 | 2012-04-28 |\n| Tatiana | Tuning |    83 | 2013-09-30 |\n+---------+--------+-------+------------+\n\nUser-defined variables can also be used to add an incremental counter to a\nresultset:\n\nSET @count = 0;\n\nSELECT @count := @count + 1 AS counter, name, date_of_birth FROM\nstudent_details;\n+---------+---------+---------------+\n| counter | name    | date_of_birth |\n+---------+---------+---------------+\n|       1 | Chun    | 1993-12-31    |\n|       2 | Esben   | 1946-01-01    |\n|       3 | Kaolin  | 1996-07-16    |\n|       4 | Tatiana | 1988-04-13    |\n+---------+---------+---------------+\n\nSee User-defined Variables for more.\n\nView Tables in Order of Size\n----------------------------\n\nReturns a list of all tables in the database, ordered by size:\n\nSELECT table_schema as `DB`, table_name AS `Table`, \n ROUND(((data_length + index_length) / 1024 / 1024), 2) `Size (MB)`\n FROM information_schema.TABLES\n ORDER BY (data_length + index_length) DESC;\n\n+--------------------+---------------------------------------+-----------+\n| DB                 | Table                                 | Size (MB) |\n+--------------------+---------------------------------------+-----------+\n| wordpress          | wp_simple_history_contexts            |      7.05 |\n| wordpress          | wp_posts                              |      6.59 |\n| wordpress          | wp_simple_history                     |      3.05 |\n| wordpress          | wp_comments                           |      2.73 |\n| wordpress          | wp_commentmeta                        |      2.47 |\n| wordpress          | wp_simple_login_log                   |      2.03 |\n...\n\nRemoving Duplicates\n-------------------\n\nMariaDB starting with 10.3\n--------------------------\nThe following syntax is only valid MariaDB 10.3 and beyond:\n\nThis example assumes there\'s a unique ID, but that all other fields are\nidentical. In the example below, there are 4 records, 3 of which are\nduplicates, so two of the three duplicates need to be removed. The\nintermediate SELECT is not necessary, but demonstrates what is being returned.\n\nCREATE TABLE t (id INT, f1 VARCHAR(2));\n\nINSERT INTO t VALUES (1,\'a\'), (2,\'a\'), (3,\'b\'), (4,\'a\');\n\nSELECT * FROM t t1, t t2 WHERE t1.f1=t2.f1 AND t1.id<>t2.id AND t1.id=(\n SELECT MAX(id) FROM t tab WHERE tab.f1=t1.f1\n);\n+------+------+------+------+\n| id   | f1   | id   | f1   |\n+------+------+------+------+\n|    4 | a    |    1 | a    |\n|    4 | a    |    2 | a    |\n+------+------+------+------+\n\nDELETE FROM t WHERE id IN (\n SELECT t2.id FROM t t1, t t2 WHERE t1.f1=t2.f1 AND t1.id<>t2.id AND t1.id=(\n  SELECT MAX(id) FROM t tab WHERE tab.f1=t1.f1\n )\n);\nQuery OK, 2 rows affected (0.120 sec)\n\nSELECT * FROM t;\n+------+------+\n| id   | f1   |\n+------+------+\n|    3 | b    |\n|    4 | a    |\n+------+------\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/useful-mariadb-queries/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/useful-mariadb-queries/'),
(470,'EXPLAIN',28,'Syntax\n------\n\nEXPLAIN tbl_name [col_name | wild]\n\nOr\n\nEXPLAIN [EXTENDED | PARTITIONS | FORMAT=JSON] \n {SELECT select_options | UPDATE update_options | DELETE delete_options}\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nThe EXPLAIN statement can be used either as a synonym for DESCRIBE or as a way\nto obtain information about how MariaDB executes a SELECT, UPDATE or DELETE\nstatement:\n\n* \'EXPLAIN tbl_name\' is synonymous with \n \'DESCRIBE tbl_name\' or\n \'SHOW COLUMNS FROM tbl_name\'.\n* When you precede a SELECT, UPDATE or a DELETE statement with the keyword \n EXPLAIN, MariaDB displays information from the optimizer\n about the query execution plan. That is, MariaDB explains how it would\n process the SELECT, UPDATE or DELETE, including information about how tables\n are joined and in which order. EXPLAIN EXTENDED can be\n used to provide additional information.\n* EXPLAIN PARTITIONS is useful only when examining queries involving\npartitioned tables. For details, see Partition pruning and selection.\n* ANALYZE statement performs the query as well as producing EXPLAIN output,\nand provides actual as well as estimated statistics.\n* EXPLAIN output can be printed in the slow query log. See EXPLAIN in the Slow\nQuery Log for details.\n\nSHOW EXPLAIN shows the output of a running statement. In some cases, its\noutput can be closer to reality than EXPLAIN.\n\nThe ANALYZE statement runs a statement and returns information about its\nexecution plan. It also shows additional columns, to check how much the\noptimizer\'s estimation about filtering and found rows are close to reality.\n\nThere is an online EXPLAIN Analyzer that you can use to share EXPLAIN and\nEXPLAIN EXTENDED output with others.\n\nEXPLAIN can acquire metadata locks in the same way that SELECT does, as it\nneeds to know table metadata and, sometimes, data as well.\n\nColumns in EXPLAIN ... SELECT\n-----------------------------\n\n+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+\n| Column name                          | Description                          |\n+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+\n| id                                   | Sequence number that shows in which  |\n|                                      | order tables are joined.             |\n+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+\n| select_type                          | What kind of SELECT the table comes  |\n|                                      | from.                                |\n+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+\n| table                                | Alias name of table. Materialized    |\n|                                      | temporary tables for sub queries     |\n|                                      | are named <subquery#>                |\n+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+\n| type                                 | How rows are found from the table    |\n|                                      | (join type).                         |\n+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+\n| possible_keys                        | keys in table that could be used to  |\n|                                      | find rows in the table               |\n+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+\n| key                                  | The name of the key that is used to  |\n|                                      | retrieve rows. NULL is no key was    |\n|                                      | used.                                |\n+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+\n| key_len                              | How many bytes of the key that was   |\n|                                      | used (shows if we are using only     |\n|                                      | parts of the multi-column key).      |\n+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+\n| ref                                  | The reference that is used as the    |\n|                                      | key value.                           |\n+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+\n| rows                                 | An estimate of how many rows we      |\n|                                      | will find in the table for each key  |\n|                                      | lookup.                              |\n+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+\n| Extra                                | Extra information about this join.   |\n+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+\n\nHere are descriptions of the values for some of the more complex columns in\nEXPLAIN ... SELECT:\n\n\"Select_type\" Column\n--------------------\n\nThe select_type column can have the following values:\n\n+-----------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------+\n| Value           | Description                       | Comment               |\n+-----------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------+\n| DEPENDENT       | The SUBQUERY is DEPENDENT.        |                       |\n| SUBQUERY        |                                   |                       |\n+-----------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------+\n| DEPENDENT UNION | The UNION is DEPENDENT.           |                       |\n+-----------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------+\n| DERIVED         | The SELECT is DERIVED from the    |                       |\n|                 | PRIMARY.                          |                       |\n+-----------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------+\n| MATERIALIZED    | The SUBQUERY is MATERIALIZED.     | Materialized tables   |\n|                 |                                   | will be populated at  |\n|                 |                                   | first access and      |\n|                 |                                   | will be accessed by   |\n|                 |                                   | the primary key (=    |\n|                 |                                   | one key lookup).      |\n|                 |                                   | Number of rows in     |\n|                 |                                   | EXPLAIN shows the     |\n|                 |                                   | cost of populating    |\n|                 |                                   | the table             |\n+-----------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------+\n| PRIMARY         | The SELECT is in the outermost    |                       |\n|                 | query, but there is also a        |                       |\n|                 | SUBQUERY within it.               |                       |\n+-----------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------+\n| SIMPLE          | It is a simple SELECT query       |                       |\n|                 | without any SUBQUERY or UNION.    |                       |\n+-----------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------+\n| SUBQUERY        | The SELECT is a SUBQUERY of the   |                       |\n|                 | PRIMARY.                          |                       |\n+-----------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------+\n| UNCACHEABLE     | The SUBQUERY is UNCACHEABLE.      |                       |\n| SUBQUERY        |                                   |                       |\n+-----------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------+\n| UNCACHEABLE     | The UNION is UNCACHEABLE.         |                       |\n| UNION           |                                   |                       |\n+-----------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------+\n| UNION           | The SELECT is a UNION of the      |                       |\n|                 | PRIMARY.                          |                       |\n+-----------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------+\n| UNION RESULT    | The result of the UNION.          |                       |\n+-----------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------+\n| LATERAL DERIVED | The SELECT uses a Lateral         |                       |\n|                 | Derived optimization              |                       |\n+-----------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------+\n\n\"Type\" Column\n-------------\n\nThis column contains information on how the table is accessed.\n\n+------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+\n| Value                  | Description                                       |\n+------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+\n| ALL                    | A full table scan is done for the table (all      |\n|                        | rows are read). This is bad if the table is       |\n|                        | large and the table is joined against a previous  |\n|                        | table!  This happens when the optimizer could     |\n|                        | not find any usable index to access rows.         |\n+------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+\n| const                  | There is only one possibly matching row in the    |\n|                        | table. The row is read before the optimization    |\n|                        | phase and all columns in the table are treated    |\n|                        | as constants.                                     |\n+------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+\n| eq_ref                 | A unique index is used to find the rows. This is  |\n|                        | the best possible plan to find the row.           |\n+------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+\n| fulltext               | A fulltext index is used to access the rows.      |\n+------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+\n| index_merge            | A \'range\' access is done for for several index    |\n|                        | and the found rows are merged. The key column     |\n|                        | shows which keys are used.                        |\n+------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+\n| index_subquery         | This is similar as ref, but used for sub queries  |\n|                        | that are transformed to key lookups.              |\n+------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+\n| index                  | A full scan over the used index.  Better than     |\n|                        | ALL but still bad if index is large and the       |\n|                        | table is joined against a previous table.         |\n+------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+\n| range                  | The table will be accessed with a key over one    |\n|                        | or more value ranges.                             |\n+------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+\n| ref_or_null            | Like \'ref\' but in addition another search for     |\n|                        | the \'null\' value is done if the first value was   |\n|                        | not found. This happens usually with sub queries. |\n+------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+\n| ref                    | A non unique index or prefix of an unique index   |\n|                        | is used to find the rows. Good if the prefix      |\n|                        | doesn\'t match many rows.                          |\n+------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+\n| system                 | The table has 0 or 1 rows.                        |\n+------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+\n| unique_subquery        | This is similar as eq_ref, but used for sub       |\n|                        | queries that are transformed to key lookups       |\n+------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+\n\n\"Extra\" Column\n--------------\n\nThis column consists of one or more of the following values, separated by \';\'\n\nNote that some of these values are detected after the optimization phase.\n\nThe optimization phase can do the following changes to the WHERE clause:\n\n* Add the expressions from the ON and USING clauses to the WHERE\n clause.\n* Constant propagation:  If there is column=constant, replace all column\n instances with this constant.\n* Replace all columns from \'const\' tables with their values.\n* Remove the used key columns from the WHERE (as this will be tested as\n part of the key lookup).\n* Remove impossible constant sub expressions.\n For example WHERE \'(a=1 and a=2) OR b=1\' becomes \'b=1\'.\n* Replace columns with other columns that has identical values:\n Example:  WHERE a=b and a=c may be treated\n as \'WHERE a=b and a=c and b=c\'.\n* Add extra conditions to detect impossible row conditions earlier. This\n happens mainly with OUTER JOIN where we in some cases add detection\n of NULL values in the WHERE (Part of \'Not exists\' optimization).\n This can cause an unexpected \'Using where\' in the Extra column.\n* For each table level we remove expressions that have already been tested when\n we read the previous row. Example: When joining tables t1 with t2\n using the following WHERE \'t1.a=1 and t1.a=t2.b\', we don\'t have to\n test \'t1.a=1\' when checking rows in t2 as we already know that this\n expression is true.\n\n+------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+\n| Value                  | Description                                       |\n+------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+\n| const row not found    | The table was a system table (a table with        |\n|                        | should exactly one row), but no row was found.    |\n+------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+\n| Distinct               | If distinct optimization (remove duplicates) was  |\n|                        | used. This is marked only for the last table in   |\n|                        | the SELECT.                                       |\n+------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+\n| Full scan on NULL key  | The table is a part of the sub query and if the   |\n|                        | value that is used to match the sub query will    |\n|                        | be NULL, we will do a full table scan.            |\n+------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+\n| Impossible HAVING      | The used HAVING clause is always false so the     |\n|                        | SELECT will return no rows.                       |\n+------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+\n| Impossible WHERE       | The used WHERE clause is always false so the      |\n| noticed after reading  | SELECT will return no rows. This case was         |\n| const tables.          | detected after we had read all \'const\' tables     |\n|                        | and used the column values as constant in the     |\n|                        | WHERE clause. For example: WHERE const_column=5   |\n|                        | and const_column had a value of 4.                |\n+------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+\n| Impossible WHERE       | The used WHERE clause is always false so the      |\n|                        | SELECT will return no rows. For example: WHERE    |\n|                        | 1=2                                               |\n+------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+\n| No matching min/max    | During early optimization of MIN()/MAX() values   |\n| row                    | it was detected that no row could match the       |\n|                        | WHERE clause. The MIN()/MAX() function will       |\n|                        | return NULL.                                      |\n+------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+\n| no matching row in     | The table was a const table (a table with only    |\n| const table            | one possible matching row), but no row was found. |\n+------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+\n| No tables used         | The SELECT was a sub query that did not use any   |\n|                        | tables. For example a there was no FROM clause    |\n|                        | or a FROM DUAL clause.                            |\n+------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+\n| Not exists             | Stop searching after more row if we find one      |\n|                        | single matching row. This optimization is used    |\n|                        | with LEFT JOIN where one is explicitly searching  |\n|                        | for rows that doesn\'t exists in the LEFT JOIN     |\n|                        | TABLE. Example: SELECT * FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t2 on  |\n|                        | (...) WHERE t2.not_null_column IS NULL.  As       |\n|                        | t2.not_null_column can only be NULL if there was  |\n|                        | no matching row for on condition, we can stop     |\n|                        | searching if we find a single matching row.       |\n+------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+\n| Open_frm_only          | For information_schema tables.  Only the frm      |\n|                        | (table definition file was opened) was opened     |\n|                        | for each matching row.                            |\n+------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+\n| Open_full_table        | For information_schema tables. A full table open  |\n|                        | for each matching row is done to retrieve the     |\n|                        | requested information. (Slow)                     |\n+------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+\n| Open_trigger_only      | For information_schema tables. Only the trigger   |\n|                        | file definition was opened for each matching row. |\n+------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+\n| Range checked for      | This only happens when there was no good default  |\n| each record (index     | index to use but there may some index that could  |\n| map: ...)              | be used when we can treat all columns from        |\n|                        | previous table as constants.  For each row        |\n|                        | combination the optimizer will decide which       |\n|                        | index to use (if any) to fetch a row from this    |\n|                        | table. This is not fast, but faster than a full   |\n|                        | table scan that is the only other choice. The     |\n|                        | index map is a bitmask that shows which index     |\n|                        | are considered for each row condition.            |\n+------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+\n| Scanned 0/1/all        | For information_schema tables. Shows how many     |\n| databases              | times we had to do a directory scan.              |\n+------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+\n| Select tables          | All tables in the join was optimized away. This   |\n| optimized away         | happens when we are only using COUNT(*), MIN()    |\n|                        | and MAX() functions in the SELECT and we where    |\n|                        | able to replace all of these with constants.      |\n+------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+\n| Skip_open_table        | For information_schema tables. The queried table  |\n|                        | didn\'t need to be opened.                         |\n+------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+\n| unique row not found   | The table was detected to be a const table (a     |\n|                        | table with only one possible matching row)        |\n|                        | during the early optimization phase, but no row   |\n|                        | was found.                                        |\n+------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+\n| Using filesort         | Filesort is needed to resolve the query. This     |\n|                        | means an extra phase where we first collect all   |\n|                        | columns to sort, sort them with a disk based      |\n|                        | merge sort and then use the sorted set to         |\n|                        | retrieve the rows in sorted order. If the column  |\n|                        | set is small, we store all the columns in the     |\n|                        | sort file to not have to go to the database to    |\n|                        | retrieve them again.                              |\n+------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+\n| Using index            | Only the index is used to retrieve the needed     |\n|                        | information from the table. There is no need to   |\n|                        | perform an extra seek to retrieve the actual      |\n|                        | record.                                           |\n+------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+\n| Using index condition  | Like \'Using where\' but the where condition is     |\n|                        | pushed down to the table engine for internal      |\n|                        | optimization at the index level.                  |\n+------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+\n| Using index            | Like \'Using index condition\' but in addition we   |\n| condition(BKA)         | use batch key access to retrieve rows.            |\n+------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+\n| Using index for        | The index is being used to resolve a GROUP BY or  |\n| group-by               | DISTINCT query. The rows are not read.  This is   |\n|                        | very efficient if the table has a lot of          |\n|                        | identical index entries as duplicates are         |\n|                        | quickly jumped over.                              |\n+------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+\n| Using intersect(...)   | For index_merge joins. Shows which index are      |\n|                        | part of the intersect.                            |\n+------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+\n| Using join buffer      | We store previous row combinations in a row       |\n|                        | buffer to be able to match each row against all   |\n|                        | of the rows combinations in the join buffer at    |\n|                        | one go.                                           |\n+------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+\n| Using sort_union(...)  | For index_merge joins. Shows which index are      |\n|                        | part of the union.                                |\n+------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+\n| Using temporary        | A temporary table is created to hold the result.  |\n|                        | This typically happens if you are using GROUP     |\n|                        | BY, DISTINCT or ORDER BY.                         |\n+------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+\n| Using where            | A WHERE expression (in additional to the          |\n|                        | possible key lookup) is used to check if the row  |\n|                        | should be accepted. If you don\'t have \'Using      |\n|                        | where\' together with a join type of ALL, you are  |\n|                        | probably doing something wrong!                   |\n+------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+\n| Using where with       | Like \'Using where\' but the where condition is     |\n| pushed condition       | pushed down to the table engine for internal      |\n|                        | optimization at the row level.                    |\n+------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+\n| Using buffer           | The UPDATE statement will first buffer the rows,  |\n|                        | and then run the updates, rather than do updates  |\n|                        | on the fly. See Using Buffer UPDATE Algorithm     |\n|                        | for a detailed explanation.                       |\n+------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+\n\nEXPLAIN EXTENDED\n----------------\n\nThe EXTENDED keyword adds another column, filtered, to the output. This is a\npercentage estimate of the table rows that will be filtered by the condition.\n\nAn EXPLAIN EXTENDED will always throw a warning, as it adds extra Message\ninformation to a subsequent SHOW WARNINGS statement. This includes what the\nSELECT query would look like after optimizing and rewriting rules are applied\nand how the optimizer qualifies columns and tables.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nAs synonym for DESCRIBE or SHOW COLUMNS FROM:\n\nDESCRIBE city;\n+------------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+\n| Field      | Type     | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |\n+------------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+\n| Id         | int(11)  | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |\n| Name       | char(35) | YES  |     | NULL    |                |\n| Country    | char(3)  | NO   | UNI |         |                |\n| District   | char(20) | YES  | MUL |         |                |\n| Population | int(11)  | YES  |     | NULL    |                |\n+------------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+\n\nA simple set of examples to see how EXPLAIN can identify poor index usage:\n\nCREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `employees_example` (\n `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,\n `first_name` varchar(30) NOT NULL,\n `last_name` varchar(40) NOT NULL,\n `position` varchar(25) NOT NULL,\n `home_address` varchar(50) NOT NULL,\n `home_phone` varchar(12) NOT NULL,\n `employee_code` varchar(25) NOT NULL,\n PRIMARY KEY (`id`),\n UNIQUE KEY `employee_code` (`employee_code`),\n KEY `first_name` (`first_name`,`last_name`)\n) ENGINE=Aria;\n\nINSERT INTO `employees_example` (`first_name`, `last_name`, `position`,\n`home_address`, `home_phone`, `employee_code`)\n VALUES\n (\'Mustapha\', \'Mond\', \'Chief Executive Officer\', \'692 Promiscuous Plaza\',\n\'326-555-3492\', \'MM1\'),\n (\'Henry\', \'Foster\', \'Store Manager\', \'314 Savage Circle\', \'326-555-3847\',\n\'HF1\'),\n (\'Bernard\', \'Marx\', \'Cashier\', \'1240 Ambient Avenue\', \'326-555-8456\', \'BM1\'),\n (\'Lenina\', \'Crowne\', \'Cashier\', \'281 Bumblepuppy Boulevard\', \'328-555-2349\',\n\'LC1\'),\n (\'Fanny\', \'Crowne\', \'Restocker\', \'1023 Bokanovsky Lane\', \'326-555-6329\',\n\'FC1\'),\n (\'Helmholtz\', \'Watson\', \'Janitor\', \'944 Soma Court\', \'329-555-2478\', \'HW1\');\n\nSHOW INDEXES FROM employees_example;\n+-------------------+------------+---------------+--------------+--------------\n+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+--\n------------+\n| Table             | Non_unique | Key_name      | Seq_in_index | Column_name \n | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment |\nIndex_comment |\n+-------------------+------------+---------------+--------------+--------------\n+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+--\n------------+\n| employees_example |          0 | PRIMARY       |            1 | id          \n | A         |           7 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |\n       |\n| employees_example |          0 | employee_code |            1 |\nemployee_code | A         |           7 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE    \n |         |               |\n| employees_example |          1 | first_name    |            1 | first_name  \n | A         |        NULL |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |\n       |\n| employees_example |          1 | first_name    |            2 | last_name   \n | A         |        NULL |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |\n       |\n+-------------------+------------+---------------+--------------+--------------\n+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+--\n------------+\n\nSELECT on a primary key:\n\nEXPLAIN SELECT * FROM employees_example WHERE id=1;\n+------+-------------+-------------------+-------+---------------+---------+---\n-----+-------+------+-------+\n| id   | select_type | table             | type  | possible_keys | key     |\nkey_len | ref   | rows | Extra |\n+------+-------------+-------------------+-------+---------------+---------+---\n-----+-------+------+-------+\n|    1 | SIMPLE      | employees_example | const | PRIMARY       | PRIMARY | 4\n   | const |    1 |       |\n+------+-------------+-------------------+-------+---------------+---------+---\n-----+-------+------+-------+\n\nThe type is const, which means that only one possible result could be\nreturned. Now, returning the same record but searching by their phone number:\n\nEXPLAIN SELECT * FROM employees_example WHERE home_phone=\'326-555-3492\';\n+------+-------------+-------------------+------+---------------+------+-------\n-+------+------+-------------+\n| id   | select_type | table             | type | possible_keys | key  |\nkey_len | ref  | rows | Extra       |\n+------+-------------+-------------------+------+---------------+------+-------\n-+------+------+-------------+\n|    1 | SIMPLE      | employees_example | ALL  | NULL          | NULL | NULL \n | NULL |    6 | Using where |\n+------+-------------+-------------------+------+---------------+------+-------\n-+------+------+-------------+\n\nHere, the type is All, which means no index could be used. Looking at the rows\ncount, a full table scan (all six rows) had to be performed in order to\nretrieve the record. If it\'s a requirement to search by phone number, an index\nwill have to be created.\n\nSHOW EXPLAIN example:\n\nSHOW EXPLAIN FOR 1;\n+------+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+------+---------+------+-\n-------+-------------+\n| id   | select_type | table | type  | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  |\nrows    | Extra       |\n+------+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+------+---------+------+-\n-------+-------------+\n|    1 | SIMPLE      | tbl   | index | NULL          | a    | 5       | NULL |\n1000107 | Using index |\n+------+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+------+---------+------+-\n-------+-------------+\n1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)\n\nExample of ref_or_null Optimization\n-----------------------------------\n\nSELECT * FROM table_name\n WHERE key_column=expr OR key_column IS NULL;\n\nref_or_null is something that often happens when you use subqueries with NOT\nIN as then one has to do an extra check for NULL values if the first value\ndidn\'t have a matching row.\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/explain/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/explain/'),
(471,'EXPLAIN ANALYZE',28,'The syntax for the EXPLAIN ANALYZE feature was changed to ANALYZE statement,\navailable since MariaDB 10.1.0. See ANALYZE statement.\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/explain-analyze/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/explain-analyze/'),
(476,'Binary Literals',29,'Binary literals can be written in one of the following formats: b\'value\',\nB\'value\' or 0bvalue, where value is a string composed by 0 and 1 digits.\n\nBinary literals are interpreted as binary strings, and are convenient to\nrepresent VARBINARY, BINARY or BIT values.\n\nTo convert a binary literal into an integer, just add 0.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nPrinting the value as a binary string:\n\nSELECT 0b1000001;\n+-----------+\n| 0b1000001 |\n+-----------+\n| A         |\n+-----------+\n\nConverting the same value into a number:\n\nSELECT 0b1000001+0;\n+-------------+\n| 0b1000001+0 |\n+-------------+\n|          65 |\n+-------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/binary-literals/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/binary-literals/'),
(201,'DECODE_HISTOGRAM',17,'Syntax\n------\n\nDECODE_HISTOGRAM(hist_type,histogram)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nReturns a string of comma separated numeric values corresponding to a\nprobability distribution represented by the histogram of type hist_type\n(SINGLE_PREC_HB or DOUBLE_PREC_HB). The hist_type and histogram would be\ncommonly used from the mysql.column_stats table.\n\nSee Histogram Based Statistics for details.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nCREATE TABLE origin (\n i INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,\n v INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL\n);\n\nINSERT INTO origin(v) VALUES \n (1),(2),(3),(4),(5),(10),(20),\n (30),(40),(50),(60),(70),(80),\n (90),(100),(200),(400),(800);\n\nSET histogram_size=10,histogram_type=SINGLE_PREC_HB;\n\nANALYZE TABLE origin PERSISTENT FOR ALL;\n+-------------+---------+----------+-----------------------------------------+\n| Table       | Op      | Msg_type | Msg_text                                |\n+-------------+---------+----------+-----------------------------------------+\n| test.origin | analyze | status   | Engine-independent statistics collected |\n| test.origin | analyze | status   | OK                                      |\n+-------------+---------+----------+-----------------------------------------+\n\nSELECT db_name,table_name,column_name,hist_type,\n hex(histogram),decode_histogram(hist_type,histogram)\n FROM mysql.column_stats WHERE db_name=\'test\' and table_name=\'origin\';\n+---------+------------+-------------+----------------+----------------------+-\n-----------------------------------------------------------------+\n| db_name | table_name | column_name | hist_type      | hex(histogram)       |\ndecode_histogram(hist_type,histogram)                             |\n+---------+------------+-------------+----------------+----------------------+-\n-----------------------------------------------------------------+\n| test    | origin     | i           | SINGLE_PREC_HB | 0F2D3C5A7887A5C3D2F0 |\n0.059,0.118,0.059,0.118,0.118,0.059,0.118,0.118,0.059,0.118,0.059 |\n| test    | origin     | v           | SINGLE_PREC_HB | 000001060C0F161C1F7F |\n0.000,0.000,0.004,0.020,0.024,0.012,0.027,0.024,0.012,0.376,0.502 |\n+---------+------------+-------------+----------------+----------------------+-\n-----------------------------------------------------------------+\n\nSET histogram_size=20,histogram_type=DOUBLE_PREC_HB;\n\nANALYZE TABLE origin PERSISTENT FOR ALL;\n+-------------+---------+----------+-----------------------------------------+\n| Table       | Op      | Msg_type | Msg_text                                |\n+-------------+---------+----------+-----------------------------------------+\n| test.origin | analyze | status   | Engine-independent statistics collected |\n| test.origin | analyze | status   | OK                                      |\n+-------------+---------+----------+-----------------------------------------+\n\nSELECT db_name,table_name,column_name,\n hist_type,hex(histogram),decode_histogram(hist_type,histogram)\n FROM mysql.column_stats WHERE db_name=\'test\' and table_name=\'origin\';\n+---------+------------+-------------+----------------+------------------------\n-----------------+-------------------------------------------------------------\n---------------------------+\n| db_name | table_name | column_name | hist_type      | hex(histogram)        \n         | decode_histogram(hist_type,histogram)\n              |\n+---------+------------+-------------+----------------+------------------------\n-----------------+-------------------------------------------------------------\n---------------------------+\n| test    | origin     | i           | DOUBLE_PREC_HB |\n0F0F2D2D3C3C5A5A78788787A5A5C3C3D2D2F0F0 |\n0.05882,0.11765,0.05882,0.11765,0.11765,0.05882,0.11765,0.11765,0.05882,0.11765\n0.05882 |\n| test    | origin     | v           | DOUBLE_PREC_HB |\n5200F600480116067E0CB30F1B16831CB81FD67F |\n0.00125,0.00250,0.00125,0.01877,0.02502,0.01253,0.02502,0.02502,0.01253,0.37546\n0.50063 |\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/decode_histogram/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/decode_histogram/'),
(206,'PROCEDURE ANALYSE',17,'Syntax\n------\n\nanalyse([max_elements[,max_memory]])\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nThis procedure is defined in the sql/sql_analyse.cc file. It examines the\nresult from a query and returns an analysis of the results that suggests\noptimal data types for each column. To obtain this analysis, append PROCEDURE\nANALYSE to the end of a SELECT statement:\n\nSELECT ... FROM ... WHERE ... PROCEDURE ANALYSE([max_elements,[max_memory]])\n\nFor example:\n\nSELECT col1, col2 FROM table1 PROCEDURE ANALYSE(10, 2000);\n\nThe results show some statistics for the values returned by the query, and\npropose an optimal data type for the columns. This can be helpful for checking\nyour existing tables, or after importing new data. You may need to try\ndifferent settings for the arguments so that PROCEDURE ANALYSE() does not\nsuggest the ENUM data type when it is not appropriate.\n\nThe arguments are optional and are used as follows:\n\n* max_elements (default 256) is the maximum number of distinct values that\nanalyse notices per column. This is used by analyse to check whether the\noptimal data type should be of type ENUM; if there are more than max_elements\ndistinct values, then ENUM is not a suggested type.\n* max_memory (default 8192) is the maximum amount of memory that analyse\nshould allocate per column while trying to find all distinct values.\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/procedure-analyse/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/procedure-analyse/'),
(477,'Boolean Literals',29,'In MariaDB, FALSE is a synonym of 0 and TRUE is a synonym of 1. These\nconstants are case insensitive, so TRUE, True, and true are equivalent.\n\nThese terms are not synonyms of 0 and 1 when used with the IS operator. So,\nfor example, 10 IS TRUE returns 1, while 10 = TRUE returns 0 (because 1 != 10).\n\nThe IS operator accepts a third constant exists: UNKNOWN. It is always a\nsynonym of NULL.\n\nTRUE and FALSE are reserved words, while UNKNOWN is not.\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/sql-language-structure-boolean-literals/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/sql-language-structure-boolean-literals/'),
(483,'Reserved Words',29,'The following is a list of all reserved words in MariaDB.\n\nReserved words cannot be used as Identifiers, unless they are quoted.\n\nThe definitive list of reserved words for each version can be found by\nexamining the sql/lex.h and sql/sql_yacc.yy files.\n\nReserved Words\n--------------\n\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| Keyword                                    | Notes                          |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| ACCESSIBLE                                 |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| ADD                                        |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| ALL                                        |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| ALTER                                      |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| ANALYZE                                    |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| AND                                        |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| AS                                         |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| ASC                                        |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| ASENSITIVE                                 |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| BEFORE                                     |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| BETWEEN                                    |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| BIGINT                                     |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| BINARY                                     |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| BLOB                                       |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| BOTH                                       |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| BY                                         |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| CALL                                       |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| CASCADE                                    |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| CASE                                       |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| CHANGE                                     |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| CHAR                                       |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| CHARACTER                                  |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| CHECK                                      |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| COLLATE                                    |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| COLUMN                                     |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| CONDITION                                  |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| CONSTRAINT                                 |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| CONTINUE                                   |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| CONVERT                                    |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| CREATE                                     |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| CROSS                                      |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| CURRENT_DATE                               |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| CURRENT_ROLE                               |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| CURRENT_TIME                               |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| CURRENT_TIMESTAMP                          |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| CURRENT_USER                               |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| CURSOR                                     |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| DATABASE                                   |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| DATABASES                                  |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| DAY_HOUR                                   |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| DAY_MICROSECOND                            |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| DAY_MINUTE                                 |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| DAY_SECOND                                 |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| DEC                                        |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| DECIMAL                                    |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| DECLARE                                    |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| DEFAULT                                    |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| DELAYED                                    |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| DELETE                                     |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| DELETE_DOMAIN_ID                           |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| DESC                                       |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| DESCRIBE                                   |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| DETERMINISTIC                              |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| DISTINCT                                   |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| DISTINCTROW                                |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| DIV                                        |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| DO_DOMAIN_IDS                              |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| DOUBLE                                     |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| DROP                                       |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| DUAL                                       |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| EACH                                       |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| ELSE                                       |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| ELSEIF                                     |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| ENCLOSED                                   |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| ESCAPED                                    |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| EXCEPT                                     | Added in MariaDB 10.3.0        |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| EXISTS                                     |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| EXIT                                       |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| EXPLAIN                                    |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| FALSE                                      |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| FETCH                                      |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| FLOAT                                      |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| FLOAT4                                     |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| FLOAT8                                     |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| FOR                                        |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| FORCE                                      |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| FOREIGN                                    |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| FROM                                       |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| FULLTEXT                                   |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| GENERAL                                    |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| GRANT                                      |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| GROUP                                      |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| HAVING                                     |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| HIGH_PRIORITY                              |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| HOUR_MICROSECOND                           |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| HOUR_MINUTE                                |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| HOUR_SECOND                                |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| IF                                         |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| IGNORE                                     |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| IGNORE_DOMAIN_IDS                          |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| IGNORE_SERVER_IDS                          |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| IN                                         |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| INDEX                                      |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| INFILE                                     |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| INNER                                      |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| INOUT                                      |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| INSENSITIVE                                |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| INSERT                                     |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| INT                                        |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| INT1                                       |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| INT2                                       |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| INT3                                       |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| INT4                                       |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| INT8                                       |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| INTEGER                                    |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| INTERSECT                                  | Added in MariaDB 10.3.0        |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| INTERVAL                                   |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| INTO                                       |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| IS                                         |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| ITERATE                                    |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| JOIN                                       |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| KEY                                        |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| KEYS                                       |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| KILL                                       |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| LEADING                                    |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| LEAVE                                      |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| LEFT                                       |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| LIKE                                       |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| LIMIT                                      |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| LINEAR                                     |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| LINES                                      |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| LOAD                                       |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| LOCALTIME                                  |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| LOCALTIMESTAMP                             |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| LOCK                                       |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| LONG                                       |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| LONGBLOB                                   |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| LONGTEXT                                   |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| LOOP                                       |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| LOW_PRIORITY                               |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| MASTER_HEARTBEAT_PERIOD                    |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| MASTER_SSL_VERIFY_SERVER_CERT              |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| MATCH                                      |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| MAXVALUE                                   |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| MEDIUMBLOB                                 |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| MEDIUMINT                                  |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| MEDIUMTEXT                                 |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| MIDDLEINT                                  |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| MINUTE_MICROSECOND                         |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| MINUTE_SECOND                              |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| MOD                                        |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| MODIFIES                                   |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| NATURAL                                    |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| NOT                                        |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG                         |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| NULL                                       |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| NUMERIC                                    |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| OFFSET                                     | Added in MariaDB 10.6.0        |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| ON                                         |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| OPTIMIZE                                   |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| OPTION                                     |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| OPTIONALLY                                 |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| OR                                         |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| ORDER                                      |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| OUT                                        |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| OUTER                                      |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| OUTFILE                                    |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| OVER                                       |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| PAGE_CHECKSUM                              |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| PARSE_VCOL_EXPR                            |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| PARTITION                                  |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| POSITION                                   |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| PRECISION                                  |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| PRIMARY                                    |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| PROCEDURE                                  |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| PURGE                                      |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| RANGE                                      |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| READ                                       |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| READS                                      |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| READ_WRITE                                 |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| REAL                                       |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| RECURSIVE                                  |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| REF_SYSTEM_ID                              |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| REFERENCES                                 |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| REGEXP                                     |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| RELEASE                                    |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| RENAME                                     |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| REPEAT                                     |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| REPLACE                                    |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| REQUIRE                                    |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| RESIGNAL                                   |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| RESTRICT                                   |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| RETURN                                     |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| RETURNING                                  |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| REVOKE                                     |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| RIGHT                                      |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| RLIKE                                      |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| ROW_NUMBER                                 | From MariaDB 10.7              |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| ROWS                                       |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| SCHEMA                                     |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| SCHEMAS                                    |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| SECOND_MICROSECOND                         |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| SELECT                                     |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| SENSITIVE                                  |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| SEPARATOR                                  |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| SET                                        |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| SHOW                                       |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| SIGNAL                                     |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| SLOW                                       |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| SMALLINT                                   |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| SPATIAL                                    |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| SPECIFIC                                   |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| SQL                                        |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| SQLEXCEPTION                               |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| SQLSTATE                                   |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| SQLWARNING                                 |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| SQL_BIG_RESULT                             |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS                        |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| SQL_SMALL_RESULT                           |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| SSL                                        |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| STARTING                                   |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| STATS_AUTO_RECALC                          |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| STATS_PERSISTENT                           |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| STATS_SAMPLE_PAGES                         |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| STRAIGHT_JOIN                              |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| TABLE                                      |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| TERMINATED                                 |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| THEN                                       |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| TINYBLOB                                   |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| TINYINT                                    |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| TINYTEXT                                   |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| TO                                         |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| TRAILING                                   |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| TRIGGER                                    |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| TRUE                                       |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| UNDO                                       |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| UNION                                      |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| UNIQUE                                     |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| UNLOCK                                     |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| UNSIGNED                                   |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| UPDATE                                     |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| USAGE                                      |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| USE                                        |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| USING                                      |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| UTC_DATE                                   |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| UTC_TIME                                   |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| UTC_TIMESTAMP                              |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| VALUES                                     |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| VARBINARY                                  |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| VARCHAR                                    |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| VARCHARACTER                               |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| VARYING                                    |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| WHEN                                       |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| WHERE                                      |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| WHILE                                      |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| WINDOW                                     | Only disallowed for table      |\n|                                            | aliases.                       |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| WITH                                       |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| WRITE                                      |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| XOR                                        |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| YEAR_MONTH                                 |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| ZEROFILL                                   |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n\nExceptions\n----------\n\nSome keywords are exceptions for historical reasons, and are permitted as\nunquoted identifiers. These include:\n\n+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n| Keyword                                                                     |\n+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n| ACTION                                                                      |\n+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n| BIT                                                                         |\n+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n| DATE                                                                        |\n+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n| ENUM                                                                        |\n+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n| NO                                                                          |\n+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n| TEXT                                                                        |\n+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n| TIME                                                                        |\n+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n| TIMESTAMP                                                                   |\n+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n\nOracle Mode\n-----------\n\nIn Oracle mode, from MariaDB 10.3, there are a number of extra reserved words:\n\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| Keyword                                    | Notes                          |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| BODY                                       |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| ELSIF                                      |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| GOTO                                       |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| HISTORY                                    | <= MariaDB 10.3.6 only         |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| MINUS                                      | From MariaDB 10.6.1            |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| OTHERS                                     |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| PACKAGE                                    |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| PERIOD                                     | <= MariaDB 10.3.6 only         |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| RAISE                                      |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| ROWNUM                                     | From MariaDB 10.6.1            |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| ROWTYPE                                    |                                |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| SYSDATE                                    | From MariaDB 10.6.1            |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| SYSTEM                                     | <= MariaDB 10.3.6 only. Note   |\n|                                            | however that SYSTEM sometimes  |\n|                                            | needs to be quoted to avoid    |\n|                                            | confusion with                 |\n|                                            | System-versioned tables.       |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| SYSTEM_TIME                                | <= MariaDB 10.3.6 only         |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| VERSIONING                                 | <= MariaDB 10.3.6 only         |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n| WITHOUT                                    | <= MariaDB 10.3.6 only         |\n+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+\n\nFunction Names\n--------------\n\nIf the IGNORE_SPACE SQL_MODE flag is set, function names become reserved words.\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/reserved-words/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/reserved-words/'),
(488,'SQL_MODE=ORACLE',29,'From MariaDB 10.3, setting the sql_mode system variable to Oracle allows the\nserver to understand a subset of Oracle\'s PL/SQL language. For example:\n\nSET SQL_MODE=\'ORACLE\';\n\nAll traditional MariaDB SQL/PSM syntax should work as before, as long as it\ndoes not conflict with Oracle\'s PL/SQL syntax. All MariaDB functions should be\nsupported in both normal and Oracle modes.\n\nPrior to MariaDB 10.3, MariaDB does not support Oracle\'s PL/SQL language, and\nSET SQL_MODE=ORACLE is only an alias for the following sql_mode in those\nversions:\n\nSET SQL_MODE=\'PIPES_AS_CONCAT, ANSI_QUOTES, IGNORE_SPACE, NO_KEY_OPTIONS,\nNO_TABLE_OPTIONS, NO_FIELD_OPTIONS, NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER\';\n\nFrom MariaDB 10.3, SET SQL_MODE=ORACLE is same as:\n\nSET SQL_MODE=\'PIPES_AS_CONCAT,ANSI_QUOTES,IGNORE_SPACE,ORACLE,NO_KEY_OPTIONS,\nNO_TABLE_OPTIONS,NO_FIELD_OPTIONS,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,SIMULTANEOUS_ASSIGNMENT\';\n\nSupported Syntax in Oracle Mode\n-------------------------------\n\nStored Procedures and Stored Functions\n--------------------------------------\n\nOracle mode makes the following changes to Stored Procedures and Stored\nFunctions:\n\n+-----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+\n| Oracle syntax                           | Description                       |\n+-----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+\n| CREATE PROCEDURE p1 (param OUT INT)     | ANSI uses (OUT param INT)         |\n+-----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+\n| CREATE PROCEDURE p1 (a IN OUT INT)      | ANSI uses (INOUT param INT)       |\n+-----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+\n| AS before function body                 | CREATE FUNCTION f1 RETURN NUMBER  |\n|                                         | AS BEGIN...                       |\n+-----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+\n| IS before function body                 | CREATE FUNCTION f1 RETURN NUMBER  |\n|                                         | IS BEGIN...                       |\n+-----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+\n| If function has no parameters then      | Example: CREATE PROCEDURE p1 AS   |\n| parentheses must be omitted             | BEGIN NULL; END;                  |\n+-----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+\n| CREATE PROCEDURE p1 AS BEGIN END p1;    | Optional routine name after END   |\n|                                         | keyword. MDEV-12089               |\n+-----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+\n| CREATE FUNCTION f1(a VARCHAR)           | VARCHAR can be used without       |\n|                                         | length for routine parameters     |\n|                                         | and RETURN clause. The length is  |\n|                                         | inherited from the argument at    |\n|                                         | call time. MDEV-10596             |\n+-----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+\n| CREATE AGGREGATE FUNCTION f1( )         | Creates an aggregate function,    |\n|                                         | which performs the function       |\n|                                         | against a set of rows and         |\n|                                         | returns one aggregate result.     |\n+-----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+\n| No CALL needed in Stored Procedures     | In Oracle mode one can call       |\n|                                         | other stored procedures with      |\n|                                         | name only. MDEV-12107             |\n+-----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+\n| RETURN. Can also be used in stored      | ANSI uses RETURNS. MariaDB mode   |\n| procedures                              | only supports RETURNS in stored   |\n|                                         | functions                         |\n+-----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+\n\nCursors\n-------\n\nOracle mode makes the following changes to Cursors:\n\n+-----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+\n| Oracle syntax                           | Description                       |\n+-----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+\n| CREATE PROCEDURE p1 AS CURSOR cur IS    | Explicit cursor with FOR loop.    |\n| (SELECT a, b FROM t1); BEGIN  FOR rec   | MDEV-10581                        |\n| IN cur ...                              |                                   |\n+-----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+\n| CREATE PROCEDURE p1 AS rec IN (SELECT   | Implicit cursor with FOR loop.    |\n| a, b FROM t1)                           | MDEV-12098                        |\n+-----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+\n| CURSOR c(prm_a VARCHAR2, prm_b          | Cursor with parameters.           |\n| VARCHAR2) ... OPEN c(1,2)               | MDEV-10597                        |\n+-----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+\n| CURSOR c(prm_a VARCHAR2, prm_b          | Cursor with parameters and FOR    |\n| VARCHAR2) ... FOR rec in c(1,2)         | loop. MDEV-12314                  |\n+-----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+\n| s %ISOPEN, %ROWCOUNT, %FOUND, %NOTFOUND | Explicit cursor attributes.       |\n|                                         | MDEV-10582                        |\n+-----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+\n\nLOOP\n----\n\nOracle mode makes the following changes to LOOP:\n\n+-----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+\n| Oracle syntax                           | Description                       |\n+-----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+\n| FOR i IN 1..10 LOOP ... END LOOP        | Numeric FOR loop. MDEV-10580      |\n+-----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+\n| GOTO                                    | GOTO statement.  MDEV-10697       |\n+-----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+\n| <<label>> used with GOTO                | ANSI uses label:. MDEV-10697      |\n+-----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+\n| To leave loop block: EXIT [ label ] [   | ANSI syntax is IF bool_expr THEN  |\n| WHEN bool_expr ]                        | LEAVE label                       |\n+-----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+\n| [<<label>>] WHILE boolean_expression    | Oracle style WHILE loop           |\n| LOOP statement... END LOOP [ label ] ;  |                                   |\n+-----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+\n| CONTINUE [ label ] [ WHEN               | CONTINUE is only valid inside a   |\n| boolean_expression]                     | loop                              |\n+-----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+\n\nVariables\n---------\n\n+------------------------------+-----------------+--------------------------+\n| Oracle syntax                | Version         | Description              |\n+------------------------------+-----------------+--------------------------+\n| var:= 10; Can also be used   | 10.3            | MariaDB uses SET var=    |\n| with MariaDB systemvariables |                 | 10;                      |\n+------------------------------+-----------------+--------------------------+\n| var INT := 10                | 10.3            | Default variable value   |\n+------------------------------+-----------------+--------------------------+\n| var1                         | 10.3            | Take data type from a    |\n| table_name.column_name%TYPE  |                 | table column. MDEV-10577 |\n+------------------------------+-----------------+--------------------------+\n| var2 var1%TYPE               | 10.3            | Take data type from      |\n|                              |                 | another variable         |\n+------------------------------+-----------------+--------------------------+\n| rec1 table_name%ROWTYPE      | 10.3            | Take ROW structure from  |\n|                              |                 | a table. MDEV-12133      |\n+------------------------------+-----------------+--------------------------+\n| rec2 rec1%ROWTYPE            | 10.3            | Take ROW structure from  |\n|                              |                 | ROW variable             |\n+------------------------------+-----------------+--------------------------+\n| CURSOR c1 IS SELECT a,b      | 10.3            | Take ROW structure from  |\n| FROM t1; rec1 c1%ROWTYPE;    |                 | a cursor. MDEV-12011     |\n+------------------------------+-----------------+--------------------------+\n| Variables can be declared    | 10.3            | In MariaDB mode,         |\n| after cursor declarations    |                 | variables must be        |\n|                              |                 | declared before          |\n|                              |                 | cursors. MDEV-10598      |\n+------------------------------+-----------------+--------------------------+\n| Triggers uses :NEW and :OLD  | 10.3            | ANSI uses NEW and OLD.   |\n|                              |                 | MDEV-10579               |\n+------------------------------+-----------------+--------------------------+\n| SQLCODE                      | 10.3            | Returns the number code  |\n|                              |                 | of the most recent       |\n|                              |                 | exception. Can only be   |\n|                              |                 | used in Stored           |\n|                              |                 | Procedures. MDEV-10578   |\n+------------------------------+-----------------+--------------------------+\n| SQLERRM                      | 10.3            | Returns the error        |\n|                              |                 | message associdated to   |\n|                              |                 | it\'s error number        |\n|                              |                 | argument or SQLCODE if   |\n|                              |                 | no argument is given.    |\n|                              |                 | Can only be used in      |\n|                              |                 | Stored Procedures.       |\n|                              |                 | MDEV-10578               |\n+------------------------------+-----------------+--------------------------+\n| SQL%ROWCOUNT                 | 10.3            | Almost same as           |\n|                              |                 | ROW_COUNT(). MDEV-10583  |\n+------------------------------+-----------------+--------------------------+\n| ROWNUM                       | 10.6.1          | Returns number of        |\n|                              |                 | accepted rows            |\n+------------------------------+-----------------+--------------------------+\n\nExceptions\n----------\n\n+-----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+\n| Oracle syntax                           | Description                       |\n+-----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+\n| BEGIN ... EXCEPTION WHEN OTHERS THEN    | Exception handlers are declared   |\n| BEGIN ..  END; END;                     | at the end of a block             |\n+-----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+\n| TOO_MANY_ROWS, NO_DATA_FOUND,           | Predefined exceptions. MDEV-10839 |\n| DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX                        |                                   |\n+-----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+\n| RAISE TOO_MANY_ROWS ; .... EXCEPTION    | Exception can be used with RAISE  |\n| WHEN TOO_MANY_ROWS THEN ...             | and EXCEPTION...WHEN. MDEV-10840  |\n+-----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+\n| CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION f1 (a INT)   | User defined exceptions.          |\n| RETURN INT AS e1 EXCEPTION...           | MDEV-10587                        |\n+-----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+\n\nBEGIN Blocks\n------------\n\n+-----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+\n| Oracle syntax                           | Description                       |\n+-----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+\n| BEGIN to start a block                  | MariaDB uses BEGIN NOT ATOMIC     |\n|                                         | for anyonymous blocks. MDEV-10655 |\n+-----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+\n| DECLARE is used before BEGIN            | DECLARE a INT; b VARCHAR(10);     |\n|                                         | BEGIN v:= 10; END;                |\n+-----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+\n| WHEN DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX THEN NULL ;       | Do not require BEGIN..END in      |\n| NULL; WHEN OTHERS THEN NULL             | multi-statement exception         |\n|                                         | handlers in THEN clause.          |\n|                                         | MDEV-12088                        |\n+-----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+\n\nSimple Syntax Compatibility\n---------------------------\n\n+------------------------------+-----------------+--------------------------+\n| Oracle syntax                | Version         | Description              |\n+------------------------------+-----------------+--------------------------+\n| ELSIF                        | 10.3            | ANSI uses ELSEIF         |\n+------------------------------+-----------------+--------------------------+\n| SELECT UNIQUE                | 10.3            | Same as SELECT           |\n|                              |                 | DISTINCT. MDEV-12086     |\n+------------------------------+-----------------+--------------------------+\n| TRUNCATE TABLE t1 [DROP      | 10.3            | DROP STORAGE and REUSE   |\n| STORAGE] or [REUSE STORAGE]  |                 | STORAGE are allowed as   |\n|                              |                 | optional keywords for    |\n|                              |                 | TRUNCATE TABLE.          |\n|                              |                 | MDEV-10588               |\n+------------------------------+-----------------+--------------------------+\n| Subqueries in a FROM clause  | 10.6            | SELECT * FROM (SELECT 1  |\n| without an alias             |                 | FROM DUAL), (SELECT 2    |\n|                              |                 | FROM DUAL)               |\n+------------------------------+-----------------+--------------------------+\n| UNION, EXCEPT and INTERSECT  | 10.3            | INTERSECT has higher     |\n| all have the same            |                 | precedence than UNION    |\n| precedence.                  |                 | and EXCEPT in            |\n|                              |                 | non-Oracle modes.        |\n+------------------------------+-----------------+--------------------------+\n| MINUS                        | 10.6            | MINUS is a synonym for   |\n|                              |                 | EXCEPT.                  |\n+------------------------------+-----------------+--------------------------+\n\nFunctions\n---------\n\n+------------------------------+-----------------+--------------------------+\n| Oracle syntax                | Version         | Description              |\n+------------------------------+-----------------+--------------------------+\n| ADD_MONTHS()                 | 10.6.1          | Added as a wrapper for   |\n|                              |                 | DATE_ADD() to enhance    |\n|                              |                 | Oracle compatibility.    |\n|                              |                 | All modes.               |\n+------------------------------+-----------------+--------------------------+\n| CAST(expr as VARCHAR(N))     | 10.3            | Cast expression to a     |\n|                              |                 | VARCHAR(N). MDEV-11275   |\n+------------------------------+-----------------+--------------------------+\n| DECODE                       | 10.3            | In Oracle mode,          |\n|                              |                 | compares and matches     |\n|                              |                 | search expressions       |\n+------------------------------+-----------------+--------------------------+\n| LENGTH() is same as          | 10.3            | MariaDB translates       |\n| CHAR_LENGTH()                |                 | LENGTH() to              |\n|                              |                 | OCTET_LENGTH(). In all   |\n|                              |                 | modes one can use        |\n|                              |                 | LENGTHB() as a synonym   |\n|                              |                 | to OCTET_LENGTH()        |\n+------------------------------+-----------------+--------------------------+\n| CHR(num)                     | 10.3            | Returns a VARCHAR(1)     |\n|                              |                 | with character set and   |\n|                              |                 | collation according to   |\n|                              |                 | @@character_set_database |\n|                              |                 | and @@collation_database |\n+------------------------------+-----------------+--------------------------+\n| substr(\'abc\',0 ,3) same as   | 10.3            | Position 0 for substr()  |\n| substr(\'abc\', 1 ,3)          |                 | is same as position 1    |\n+------------------------------+-----------------+--------------------------+\n| SYS_GUID                     | 10.6.1          | Generates a globally     |\n|                              |                 | unique identifier.       |\n|                              |                 | Similar to UUID but      |\n|                              |                 | without the -. All       |\n|                              |                 | modes.                   |\n+------------------------------+-----------------+--------------------------+\n| TO_CHAR                      | 10.6.1          | Added to enhance Oracle  |\n|                              |                 | compatibility. All       |\n|                              |                 | modes.                   |\n+------------------------------+-----------------+--------------------------+\n| TRIM, LTRIM, RTRIM, LPAD     | 10.3            | Returns NULL instead of  |\n| and RPAD                     |                 | an empty string if       |\n|                              |                 | returning an empty       |\n|                              |                 | result. These functions  |\n|                              |                 | can also be accessed     |\n|                              |                 | outside of ORACLE mode   |\n|                              |                 | by suffixing _ORACLE     |\n|                              |                 | onto the end of the      |\n|                              |                 | function name, such as   |\n|                              |                 | TRIM_ORACLE.             |\n+------------------------------+-----------------+--------------------------+\n\nPrepared Statements\n-------------------\n\nOracle mode makes the following changes to Prepared Statements:\n\n+-----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+\n| Oracle syntax                           | Description                       |\n+-----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+\n| PREPARE stmt FROM \'SELECT :1, :2\'       | ANSI uses ?. MDEV-10801           |\n+-----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+\n| EXECUTE IMMEDIATE \'INSERT INTO t1       | Dynamic placeholders. MDEV-10801  |\n| SELECT (:x,:y) FROM DUAL\' USING 10,20   |                                   |\n+-----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+\n\nSynonyms for Basic SQL Types\n----------------------------\n\n+--------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+\n| Oracle type                    | MariaDB synonym                           |\n+--------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+\n| VARCHAR2                       | VARCHAR                                   |\n+--------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+\n| NUMBER                         | DECIMAL                                   |\n+--------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+\n| DATE (with time portion)       | MariaDB DATETIME                          |\n+--------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+\n| RAW                            | VARBINARY                                 |\n+--------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+\n| CLOB                           | LONGTEXT                                  |\n+--------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+\n| BLOB                           | LONGBLOB                                  |\n+--------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+\n\nThis was implemented as part of MDEV-10343.\n\nIf one does a SHOW CREATE TABLE in ORACLE mode on a table that has a native\nMariaDB DATE column, it will be displayed as mariadb_schema.date to not\nconflict with the Oracle DATE type.\n\nPackages\n--------\n\nThe following syntax has been supported since MariaDB 10.3.5:\n\n* CREATE PACKAGE\n* CREATE PACKAGE BODY\n* DROP PACKAGE\n* DROP PACKAGE BODY\n* SHOW CREATE PACKAGE\n* SHOW CREATE PACKAGE BODY\n\nNULL Handling\n-------------\n\nOracle mode makes the following changes to NULL handling:\n\nNULL As a Statement\n-------------------\n\nNULL can be used as a statement:\n\nIF a=10 THEN NULL; ELSE NULL; END IF\n\nTranslating Empty String Literals to NULL\n-----------------------------------------\n\nIn Oracle, empty string (\'\') and NULL are the same thing,\n\nBy using sql_mode=EMPTY_STRING_IS_NULL you can get a similar experience in\nMariaDB:\n\nSET sql_mode=EMPTY_STRING_IS_NULL;\nSELECT \'\' IS NULL; -- returns TRUE\nINSERT INTO t1 VALUES (\'\'); -- inserts NULL\n\nConcat Operator Ignores NULL\n----------------------------\n\nCONCAT() and || ignore NULL in Oracle mode. Can also be accessed outside of\nORACLE mode by using CONCAT_OPERATOR_ORACLE. MDEV-11880 and MDEV-12143.\n\nReserved Words\n--------------\n\nThere are a number of extra reserved words in Oracle mode.\n\nSHOW CREATE TABLE\n-----------------\n\nThe SHOW CREATE TABLE statement will not display MariaDB-specific table\noptions, such as AUTO_INCREMENT or CHARSET, when Oracle mode is set.\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/sql_modeoracle/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/sql_modeoracle/'),
(489,'CONTAINS',30,'Syntax\n------\n\nContains(g1,g2)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nReturns 1 or 0 to indicate whether a geometry g1 completely contains geometry\ng2. CONTAINS() is based on the original MySQL implementation and uses object\nbounding rectangles, while ST_CONTAINS() uses object shapes.\n\nThis tests the opposite relationship to Within().\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/contains/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/contains/'),
(490,'CROSSES',30,'Syntax\n------\n\nCrosses(g1,g2)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nReturns 1 if g1 spatially crosses g2. Returns NULL if g1 is a Polygon or a\nMultiPolygon, or if g2 is a Point or a MultiPoint. Otherwise, returns 0.\n\nThe term spatially crosses denotes a spatial relation between two given\ngeometries that has the following properties:\n\n* The two geometries intersect\n* Their intersection results in a geometry that has a dimension that is one\n less than the maximum dimension of the two given geometries\n* Their intersection is not equal to either of the two given geometries\n\nCROSSES() is based on the original MySQL implementation, and uses object\nbounding rectangles, while ST_CROSSES() uses object shapes.\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/crosses/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/crosses/'),
(202,'DEFAULT',17,'Syntax\n------\n\nDEFAULT(col_name)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nReturns the default value for a table column. If the column has no default\nvalue (and is not NULLABLE - NULLABLE fields have a NULL default), an error is\nreturned.\n\nFor integer columns using AUTO_INCREMENT, 0 is returned.\n\nWhen using DEFAULT as a value to set in an INSERT or UPDATE statement, you can\nuse the bare keyword DEFAULT without the parentheses and argument to refer to\nthe column in context. You can only use DEFAULT as a bare keyword if you are\nusing it alone without a surrounding expression or function.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSelect only non-default values for a column:\n\nSELECT i FROM t WHERE i != DEFAULT(i);\n\nUpdate values to be one greater than the default value:\n\nUPDATE t SET i = DEFAULT(i)+1 WHERE i < 100;\n\nWhen referring to the default value exactly in UPDATE or INSERT, you can omit\nthe argument:\n\nINSERT INTO t (i) VALUES (DEFAULT);\nUPDATE t SET i = DEFAULT WHERE i < 100;\n\nCREATE OR REPLACE TABLE t (\n i INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,\n j INT NOT NULL,\n k INT DEFAULT 3,\n l INT NOT NULL DEFAULT 4,\n m INT,\n PRIMARY KEY (i)\n);\n\nDESC t;\n+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+----------------+\n| Field | Type    | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |\n+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+----------------+\n| i     | int(11) | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |\n| j     | int(11) | NO   |     | NULL    |                |\n| k     | int(11) | YES  |     | 3       |                |\n| l     | int(11) | NO   |     | 4       |                |\n| m     | int(11) | YES  |     | NULL    |                |\n+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+----------------+\n\nINSERT INTO t (j) VALUES (1);\nINSERT INTO t (j,m) VALUES (2,2);\nINSERT INTO t (j,l,m) VALUES (3,3,3);\n\nSELECT * FROM t;\n+---+---+------+---+------+\n| i | j | k    | l | m    |\n+---+---+------+---+------+\n| 1 | 1 |    3 | 4 | NULL |\n| 2 | 2 |    3 | 4 |    2 |\n| 3 | 3 |    3 | 3 |    3 |\n+---+---+------+---+------+\n\nSELECT DEFAULT(i), DEFAULT(k), DEFAULT (l), DEFAULT(m) FROM t;\n+------------+------------+-------------+------------+\n| DEFAULT(i) | DEFAULT(k) | DEFAULT (l) | DEFAULT(m) |\n+------------+------------+-------------+------------+\n|          0 |          3 |           4 |       NULL |\n|          0 |          3 |           4 |       NULL |\n|          0 |          3 |           4 |       NULL |\n+------------+------------+-------------+------------+\n\nSELECT DEFAULT(i), DEFAULT(k), DEFAULT (l), DEFAULT(m), DEFAULT(j)  FROM t;\nERROR 1364 (HY000): Field \'j\' doesn\'t have a default value\n\nSELECT * FROM t WHERE i = DEFAULT(i);\nEmpty set (0.001 sec)\n\nSELECT * FROM t WHERE j = DEFAULT(j);\nERROR 1364 (HY000): Field \'j\' doesn\'t have a default value\n\nSELECT * FROM t WHERE k = DEFAULT(k);\n+---+---+------+---+------+\n| i | j | k    | l | m    |\n+---+---+------+---+------+\n| 1 | 1 |    3 | 4 | NULL |\n| 2 | 2 |    3 | 4 |    2 |\n| 3 | 3 |    3 | 3 |    3 |\n+---+---+------+---+------+\n\nSELECT * FROM t WHERE l = DEFAULT(l);\n+---+---+------+---+------+\n| i | j | k    | l | m    |\n+---+---+------+---+------+\n| 1 | 1 |    3 | 4 | NULL |\n| 2 | 2 |    3 | 4 |    2 |\n+---+---+------+---+------+\n\nSELECT * FROM t WHERE m = DEFAULT(m);\nEmpty set (0.001 sec)\n\nSELECT * FROM t WHERE m <=> DEFAULT(m);\n+---+---+------+---+------+\n| i | j | k    | l | m    |\n+---+---+------+---+------+\n| 1 | 1 |    3 | 4 | NULL |\n+---+---+------+---+------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/default/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/default/'),
(208,'ROW_COUNT',17,'Syntax\n------\n\nROW_COUNT()\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nROW_COUNT() returns the number of rows updated, inserted or deleted by the\npreceding statement. This is the same as the row count that the mariadb client\ndisplays and the value from the mysql_affected_rows() C API function.\n\nGenerally:\n\n* For statements which return a result set (such as SELECT, SHOW, DESC or\nHELP), returns -1, even when the result set is empty. This is also true for\nadministrative statements, such as OPTIMIZE.\n* For DML statements other than SELECT and for ALTER TABLE, returns the number\nof affected rows.\n* For DDL statements (including TRUNCATE) and for other statements which don\'t\nreturn any result set (such as USE, DO, SIGNAL or DEALLOCATE PREPARE), returns\n0.\n\nFor UPDATE, affected rows is by default the number of rows that were actually\nchanged. If the CLIENT_FOUND_ROWS flag to mysql_real_connect() is specified\nwhen connecting to mysqld, affected rows is instead the number of rows matched\nby the WHERE clause.\n\nFor REPLACE, deleted rows are also counted. So, if REPLACE deletes a row and\nadds a new row, ROW_COUNT() returns 2.\n\nFor INSERT ... ON DUPLICATE KEY, updated rows are counted twice. So, if INSERT\nadds a new rows and modifies another row, ROW_COUNT() returns 3.\n\nROW_COUNT() does not take into account rows that are not directly\ndeleted/updated by the last statement. This means that rows deleted by foreign\nkeys or triggers are not counted.\n\nWarning: You can use ROW_COUNT() with prepared statements, but you need to\ncall it after EXECUTE, not after DEALLOCATE PREPARE, because the row count for\nallocate prepare is always 0.\n\nWarning: When used after a CALL statement, this function returns the number of\nrows affected by the last statement in the procedure, not by the whole\nprocedure.\n\nWarning: After INSERT DELAYED, ROW_COUNT() returns the number of the rows you\ntried to insert, not the number of the successful writes.\n\nThis information can also be found in the diagnostics area.\n\nStatements using the ROW_COUNT() function are not safe for replication.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nCREATE TABLE t (A INT);\n\nINSERT INTO t VALUES(1),(2),(3);\n\nSELECT ROW_COUNT();\n+-------------+\n| ROW_COUNT() |\n+-------------+\n|           3 |\n+-------------+\n\nDELETE FROM t WHERE A IN(1,2);\n\nSELECT ROW_COUNT(); \n+-------------+\n| ROW_COUNT() |\n+-------------+\n|           2 |\n+-------------+\n\nExample with prepared statements:\n\nSET @q = \'INSERT INTO t VALUES(1),(2),(3);\';\n\nPREPARE stmt FROM @q;\n\nEXECUTE stmt;\nQuery OK, 3 rows affected (0.39 sec)\nRecords: 3  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0\n\nSELECT ROW_COUNT();\n+-------------+\n| ROW_COUNT() |\n+-------------+\n|           3 |\n+-------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/row_count/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/row_count/'),
(491,'DISJOINT',30,'Syntax\n------\n\nDisjoint(g1,g2)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nReturns 1 or 0 to indicate whether g1 is spatially disjoint from (does not\nintersect) g2.\n\nDISJOINT() tests the opposite relationship to INTERSECTS().\n\nDISJOINT() is based on the original MySQL implementation and uses object\nbounding rectangles, while ST_DISJOINT() uses object shapes.\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/disjoint/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/disjoint/'),
(492,'EQUALS',30,'Syntax\n------\n\nEquals(g1,g2)\n\nFrom MariaDB 10.2.3:\n\nMBREQUALS(g1,g2)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nReturns 1 or 0 to indicate whether g1 is spatially equal to g2.\n\nEQUALS() is based on the original MySQL implementation and uses object\nbounding rectangles, while ST_EQUALS() uses object shapes.\n\nFrom MariaDB 10.2.3, MBREQUALS is a synonym for Equals.\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/equals/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/equals/'),
(493,'INTERSECTS',30,'Syntax\n------\n\nINTERSECTS(g1,g2)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nReturns 1 or 0 to indicate whether geometry g1 spatially intersects geometry\ng2.\n\nINTERSECTS() is based on the original MySQL implementation and uses object\nbounding rectangles, while ST_INTERSECTS() uses object shapes.\n\nINTERSECTS() tests the opposite relationship to DISJOINT().\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/intersects/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/intersects/'),
(204,'LAST_INSERT_ID',17,'Syntax\n------\n\nLAST_INSERT_ID(), LAST_INSERT_ID(expr)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nLAST_INSERT_ID() (no arguments) returns the first automatically generated\nvalue successfully inserted for an AUTO_INCREMENT column as a result of the\nmost recently executed INSERT statement. The value of LAST_INSERT_ID() remains\nunchanged if no rows are successfully inserted.\n\nIf one gives an argument to LAST_INSERT_ID(), then it will return the value of\nthe expression and the next call to LAST_INSERT_ID() will return the same\nvalue. The value will also be sent to the client and can be accessed by the\nmysql_insert_id function.\n\nFor example, after inserting a row that generates an AUTO_INCREMENT value, you\ncan get the value like this:\n\nSELECT LAST_INSERT_ID();\n+------------------+\n| LAST_INSERT_ID() |\n+------------------+\n|                9 |\n+------------------+\n\nYou can also use LAST_INSERT_ID() to delete the last inserted row:\n\nDELETE FROM product WHERE id = LAST_INSERT_ID();\n\nIf no rows were successfully inserted, LAST_INSERT_ID() returns 0.\n\nThe value of LAST_INSERT_ID() will be consistent across all versions if all\nrows in the INSERT or UPDATE statement were successful.\n\nThe currently executing statement does not affect the value of\nLAST_INSERT_ID(). Suppose that you generate an AUTO_INCREMENT value with one\nstatement, and then refer to LAST_INSERT_ID() in a multiple-row INSERT\nstatement that inserts rows into a table with its own AUTO_INCREMENT column.\nThe value of LAST_INSERT_ID() will remain stable in the second statement; its\nvalue for the second and later rows is not affected by the earlier row\ninsertions. (However, if you mix references to LAST_INSERT_ID() and\nLAST_INSERT_ID(expr), the effect is undefined.)\n\nIf the previous statement returned an error, the value of LAST_INSERT_ID() is\nundefined. For transactional tables, if the statement is rolled back due to an\nerror, the value of LAST_INSERT_ID() is left undefined. For manual ROLLBACK,\nthe value of LAST_INSERT_ID() is not restored to that before the transaction;\nit remains as it was at the point of the ROLLBACK.\n\nWithin the body of a stored routine (procedure or function) or a trigger, the\nvalue of LAST_INSERT_ID() changes the same way as for statements executed\noutside the body of these kinds of objects. The effect of a stored routine or\ntrigger upon the value of LAST_INSERT_ID() that is seen by following\nstatements depends on the kind of routine:\n\n* If a stored procedure executes statements that change the value of\nLAST_INSERT_ID(), the new value will be seen by statements that follow the\nprocedure call.\n\n* For stored functions and triggers that change the value, the value is\nrestored when the function or trigger ends, so following statements will not\nsee a changed value.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nCREATE TABLE t (\n id INTEGER UNSIGNED AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,\n f VARCHAR(1))\nENGINE = InnoDB;\n\nINSERT INTO t(f) VALUES(\'a\');\n\nSELECT LAST_INSERT_ID();\n+------------------+\n| LAST_INSERT_ID() |\n+------------------+\n|                1 |\n+------------------+\n\nINSERT INTO t(f) VALUES(\'b\');\n\nINSERT INTO t(f) VALUES(\'c\');\n\nSELECT LAST_INSERT_ID();\n+------------------+\n| LAST_INSERT_ID() |\n+------------------+\n|                3 |\n+------------------+\n\nINSERT INTO t(f) VALUES(\'d\'),(\'e\');\n\nSELECT LAST_INSERT_ID();\n+------------------+\n| LAST_INSERT_ID() |\n+------------------+\n|                4 |\n+------------------+\n\nSELECT * FROM t;\n+----+------+\n| id | f    |\n+----+------+\n|  1 | a    |\n|  2 | b    |\n|  3 | c    |\n|  4 | d    |\n|  5 | e    |\n+----+------+\n\nSELECT LAST_INSERT_ID(12);\n+--------------------+\n| LAST_INSERT_ID(12) |\n+--------------------+\n|                 12 |\n+--------------------+\n\nSELECT LAST_INSERT_ID();\n+------------------+\n| LAST_INSERT_ID() |\n+------------------+\n|               12 |\n+------------------+\n\nINSERT INTO t(f) VALUES(\'f\');\n\nSELECT LAST_INSERT_ID();\n+------------------+\n| LAST_INSERT_ID() |\n+------------------+\n|                6 |\n+------------------+\n\nSELECT * FROM t;\n+----+------+\n| id | f    |\n+----+------+\n|  1 | a    |\n|  2 | b    |\n|  3 | c    |\n|  4 | d    |\n|  5 | e    |\n|  6 | f    |\n+----+------+\n\nSELECT LAST_INSERT_ID(12);\n+--------------------+\n| LAST_INSERT_ID(12) |\n+--------------------+\n|                 12 |\n+--------------------+\n\nINSERT INTO t(f) VALUES(\'g\');\n\nSELECT * FROM t;\n+----+------+\n| id | f    |\n+----+------+\n|  1 | a    |\n|  2 | b    |\n|  3 | c    |\n|  4 | d    |\n|  5 | e    |\n|  6 | f    |\n|  7 | g    |\n+----+------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/last_insert_id/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/last_insert_id/'),
(212,'USER',17,'Syntax\n------\n\nUSER()\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nReturns the current MariaDB user name and host name, given when authenticating\nto MariaDB, as a string in the utf8 character set.\n\nNote that the value of USER() may differ from the value of CURRENT_USER(),\nwhich is the user used to authenticate the current client. CURRENT_ROLE()\nreturns the current active role.\n\nSYSTEM_USER() and SESSION_USER are synonyms for USER().\n\nStatements using the USER() function or one of its synonyms are not safe for\nstatement level replication.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nshell> mysql --user=\"anonymous\"\n\nSELECT USER(),CURRENT_USER();\n+---------------------+----------------+\n| USER()              | CURRENT_USER() |\n+---------------------+----------------+\n| anonymous@localhost | @localhost     |\n+---------------------+----------------+\n\nTo select only the IP address, use SUBSTRING_INDEX(),\n\nSELECT SUBSTRING_INDEX(USER(), \'@\', -1);\n+----------------------------------+\n| SUBSTRING_INDEX(USER(), \'@\', -1) |\n+----------------------------------+\n| 192.168.0.101                    |\n+----------------------------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/user/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/user/'),
(494,'OVERLAPS',30,'Syntax\n------\n\nOVERLAPS(g1,g2)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nReturns 1 or 0 to indicate whether g1 spatially overlaps g2. The term\nspatially overlaps is used if two geometries intersect and their intersection\nresults in a geometry of the same dimension but not equal to either of the\ngiven geometries.\n\nOVERLAPS() is based on the original MySQL implementation and uses object\nbounding rectangles, while ST_OVERLAPS() uses object shapes.\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/overlaps/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/overlaps/'),
(497,'ST_DIFFERENCE',30,'Syntax\n------\n\nST_DIFFERENCE(g1,g2)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nReturns a geometry representing the point set difference of the given geometry\nvalues.\n\nExample\n-------\n\nSET @g1 = POINT(10,10), @g2 = POINT(20,20);\n\nSELECT ST_AsText(ST_Difference(@g1, @g2));\n+------------------------------------+\n| ST_AsText(ST_Difference(@g1, @g2)) |\n+------------------------------------+\n| POINT(10 10)                       |\n+------------------------------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/st_difference/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/st_difference/'),
(499,'ST_DISTANCE',30,'Syntax\n------\n\nST_DISTANCE(g1,g2)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nReturns the distance between two geometries, or null if not given valid inputs.\n\nExample\n-------\n\nSELECT ST_Distance(POINT(1,2),POINT(2,2));\n+------------------------------------+\n| ST_Distance(POINT(1,2),POINT(2,2)) |\n+------------------------------------+\n|                                  1 |\n+------------------------------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/st_distance/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/st_distance/'),
(205,'LAST_VALUE',17,'Syntax\n------\n\nLAST_VALUE(expr,[expr,...])\n\nLAST_VALUE(expr) OVER (\n [ PARTITION BY partition_expression ]\n [ ORDER BY order_list ]\n)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nLAST_VALUE() evaluates all expressions and returns the last.\n\nThis is useful together with setting user variables to a value with\n@var:=expr, for example when you want to get data of rows updated/deleted\nwithout having to do two queries against the table.\n\nLAST_VALUE can be used as a window function.\n\nReturns NULL if no last value exists.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nCREATE TABLE t1 (a int, b int);\nINSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1,10),(2,20);\nDELETE FROM t1 WHERE a=1 AND last_value(@a:=a,@b:=b,1);\nSELECT @a,@b;\n+------+------+\n| @a   | @b   |\n+------+------+\n|    1 |   10 |\n+------+------+\n\nAs a window function:\n\nCREATE TABLE t1 (\n pk int primary key,\n a int,\n b int,\n c char(10),\n d decimal(10, 3),\n e real\n);\n\nINSERT INTO t1 VALUES\n( 1, 0, 1,    \'one\',    0.1,  0.001),\n( 2, 0, 2,    \'two\',    0.2,  0.002),\n( 3, 0, 3,    \'three\',  0.3,  0.003),\n( 4, 1, 2,    \'three\',  0.4,  0.004),\n( 5, 1, 1,    \'two\',    0.5,  0.005),\n( 6, 1, 1,    \'one\',    0.6,  0.006),\n( 7, 2, NULL, \'n_one\',  0.5,  0.007),\n( 8, 2, 1,    \'n_two\',  NULL, 0.008),\n( 9, 2, 2,    NULL,     0.7,  0.009),\n(10, 2, 0,    \'n_four\', 0.8,  0.010),\n(11, 2, 10,   NULL,     0.9,  NULL);\n\nSELECT pk, FIRST_VALUE(pk) OVER (ORDER BY pk) AS first_asc,\n     LAST_VALUE(pk) OVER (ORDER BY pk) AS last_asc,\n     FIRST_VALUE(pk) OVER (ORDER BY pk DESC) AS first_desc,\n     LAST_VALUE(pk) OVER (ORDER BY pk DESC) AS last_desc\nFROM t1\nORDER BY pk DESC;\n\n+----+-----------+----------+------------+-----------+\n| pk | first_asc | last_asc | first_desc | last_desc |\n+----+-----------+----------+------------+-----------+\n| 11 |         1 |       11 |         11 |        11 |\n| 10 |         1 |       10 |         11 |        10 |\n|  9 |         1 |        9 |         11 |         9 |\n|  8 |         1 |        8 |         11 |         8 |\n|  7 |         1 |        7 |         11 |         7 |\n|  6 |         1 |        6 |         11 |         6 |\n|  5 |         1 |        5 |         11 |         5 |\n|  4 |         1 |        4 |         11 |         4 |\n|  3 |         1 |        3 |         11 |         3 |\n|  2 |         1 |        2 |         11 |         2 |\n|  1 |         1 |        1 |         11 |         1 |\n+----+-----------+----------+------------+-----------+\n\nCREATE OR REPLACE TABLE t1 (i int);\nINSERT INTO t1 VALUES (1),(2),(3),(4),(5),(6),(7),(8),(9),(10);\n\nSELECT i,\n FIRST_VALUE(i) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW and 1 FOLLOWING) AS\nf_1f,\n LAST_VALUE(i) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW and 1 FOLLOWING) AS\nl_1f,\n FIRST_VALUE(i) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN 1 PRECEDING AND 1 FOLLOWING) AS\nf_1p1f,\n LAST_VALUE(i) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN 1 PRECEDING AND 1 FOLLOWING) AS\nl_1p1f,\n FIRST_VALUE(i) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN 2 PRECEDING AND 1 PRECEDING) AS\nf_2p1p,\n LAST_VALUE(i) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN 2 PRECEDING AND 1 PRECEDING) AS\nl_2p1p,\n FIRST_VALUE(i) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN 1 FOLLOWING AND 2 FOLLOWING) AS\nf_1f2f,\n LAST_VALUE(i) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN 1 FOLLOWING AND 2 FOLLOWING) AS\nl_1f2f\nFROM t1;\n\n+------+------+------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+\n| i    | f_1f | l_1f | f_1p1f | l_1p1f | f_2p1p | l_2p1p | f_1f2f | l_1f2f |\n+------+------+------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+\n|    1 |    1 |    2 |      1 |      2 |   NULL |   NULL |      2 |      3 |\n|    2 |    2 |    3 |      1 |      3 |      1 |      1 |      3 |      4 |\n|    3 |    3 |    4 |      2 |      4 |      1 |      2 |      4 |      5 |\n|    4 |    4 |    5 |      3 |      5 |      2 |      3 |      5 |      6 |\n|    5 |    5 |    6 |      4 |      6 |      3 |      4 |      6 |      7 |\n|    6 |    6 |    7 |      5 |      7 |      4 |      5 |      7 |      8 |\n|    7 |    7 |    8 |      6 |      8 |      5 |      6 |      8 |      9 |\n|    8 |    8 |    9 |      7 |      9 |      6 |      7 |      9 |     10 |\n|    9 |    9 |   10 |      8 |     10 |      7 |      8 |     10 |     10 |\n|   10 |   10 |   10 |      9 |     10 |      8 |      9 |   NULL |   NULL |\n+------+------+------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/last_value/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/last_value/'),
(213,'VERSION',17,'Syntax\n------\n\nVERSION()\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nReturns a string that indicates the MariaDB server version. The string uses\nthe utf8 character set.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT VERSION();\n+----------------+\n| VERSION()      |\n+----------------+\n| 10.4.7-MariaDB |\n+----------------+\n\nThe VERSION() string may have one or more of the following suffixes:\n\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| Suffix                    | Description                                    |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| -embedded                 | The server is an embedded server               |\n|                           | (libmariadbd).                                 |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| -log                      | General logging, slow logging or binary        |\n|                           | (replication) logging is enabled.              |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| -debug                    | The server is compiled for debugging.          |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| -valgrind                 | The server is compiled to be instrumented      |\n|                           | with valgrind.                                 |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n\nChanging the Version String\n---------------------------\n\nSome old legacy code may break because they are parsing the VERSION string and\nexpecting a MySQL string or a simple version string like Joomla til API17, see\nMDEV-7780.\n\nOne can fool these applications by setting the version string from the command\nline or the my.cnf files with --version=....\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/version/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/version/'),
(500,'ST_DISTANCE_SPHERE',30,'MariaDB starting with 10.2.38\n-----------------------------\nST_DISTANCE_SPHERE was introduced in MariaDB 10.2.38, MariaDB 10.3.29, MariaDB\n10.4.19 and MariaDB 10.5.10.\n\nSyntax\n------\n\nST_DISTANCE_SPHERE(g1,g2,[r])\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nReturns the spherical distance between two geometries (point or multipoint) on\na sphere with the optional radius r (default is the Earth radius if r is not\nspecified), or NULL if not given valid inputs.\n\nExample\n-------\n\nset @zenica   = ST_GeomFromText(\'POINT(17.907743 44.203438)\');\nset @sarajevo = ST_GeomFromText(\'POINT(18.413076 43.856258)\');\nSELECT ST_Distance_Sphere(@zenica, @sarajevo);\n55878.59337591705\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/st_distance_sphere/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/st_distance_sphere/'),
(503,'ST_LENGTH',30,'Syntax\n------\n\nST_LENGTH(ls)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nReturns as a double-precision number the length of the LineString value ls in\nits associated spatial reference.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSET @ls = \'LineString(1 1,2 2,3 3)\';\n\nSELECT ST_LENGTH(ST_GeomFromText(@ls));\n+---------------------------------+\n| ST_LENGTH(ST_GeomFromText(@ls)) |\n+---------------------------------+\n|                2.82842712474619 |\n+---------------------------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/st_length/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/st_length/'),
(207,'ROWNUM',17,'MariaDB starting with 10.6.1\n----------------------------\nFrom MariaDB 10.6.1, the ROWNUM() function is supported.\n\nSyntax\n------\n\nROWNUM()\n\nIn Oracle mode one can just use ROWNUM, without the parentheses.\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nROWNUM() returns the current number of accepted rows in the current context.\nIt main purpose is to emulate the ROWNUM pseudo column in Oracle. For MariaDB\nnative applications, we recommend the usage of LIMIT, as it is easier to use\nand gives more predictable results than the usage of ROWNUM().\n\nThe main difference between using LIMIT and ROWNUM() to limit the rows in the\nresult is that LIMIT works on the result set while ROWNUM works on the number\nof accepted rows (before any ORDER or GROUP BY clauses).\n\nThe following queries will return the same results:\n\nSELECT * from t1 LIMIT 10;\nSELECT * from t1 WHERE ROWNUM() <= 10;\n\nWhile the following may return different results based on in which orders the\nrows are found:\n\nSELECT * from t1 ORDER BY a LIMIT 10;\nSELECT * from t1 ORDER BY a WHERE ROWNUM() <= 10;\n\nThe recommended way to use ROWNUM to limit the number of returned rows and get\npredictable results is to have the query in a subquery and test for ROWNUM()\nin the outer query:\n\nSELECT * FROM (select * from t1 ORDER BY a) WHERE ROWNUM() <= 10;\n\nROWNUM() can be used in the following contexts:\n\n* SELECT\n* INSERT\n* UPDATE\n* DELETE\n* LOAD DATA INFILE\n\nUsed in other contexts, ROWNUM() will return 0.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nINSERT INTO t1 VALUES (1,ROWNUM()),(2,ROWNUM()),(3,ROWNUM());\n\nINSERT INTO t1 VALUES (1),(2) returning a, ROWNUM();\n\nUPDATE t1 SET row_num_column=ROWNUM();\n\nDELETE FROM t1 WHERE a < 10 AND ROWNUM() < 2;\n\nLOAD DATA INFILE \'filename\' into table t1 fields terminated by \',\' \n lines terminated by \"\\r\\n\" (a,b) set c=ROWNUM();\n\nOptimizations\n-------------\n\nIn many cases where ROWNUM() is used, MariaDB will use the same optimizations\nit uses with LIMIT.\n\nLIMIT optimization is possible when using ROWNUM in the following manner:\n\n* When one is in a top level WHERE clause comparing ROWNUM() with a numerical\nconstant using any of the following expressions:\nROWNUM() < number\nROWNUM() <= number\nROWNUM() = 1\nROWNUM() can be also be the right argument to the comparison function.\n\nIn the above cases, LIMIT optimization can be done in the following cases:\n\n* For the current sub query when the ROWNUM comparison is done on the top\nlevel:\n\nSELECT * from t1 WHERE ROWNUM() <= 2 AND t1.a > 0\n\n* For an inner sub query, when the upper level has only a ROWNUM() comparison\nin the WHERE clause:\n\nSELECT * from (select * from t1) as t WHERE ROWNUM() <= 2\n\nOther Changes Related to ROWNUM\n-------------------------------\n\nWhen ROWNUM() is used anywhere in a query, the optimization to ignore ORDER BY\nin subqueries are disabled.\n\nThis was done to get the following common Oracle query to work as expected:\n\nselect * from (select * from t1 order by a desc) as t where rownum() <= 2;\n\nBy default MariaDB ignores any ORDER BY in subqueries both because the SQL\nstandard defines results sets in subqueries to be un-ordered and because of\nperformance reasons (especially when using views in subqueries). See MDEV-3926\n\"Wrong result with GROUP BY ... WITH ROLLUP\" for a discussion of this topic.\n\nOther Considerations\n--------------------\n\nWhile MariaDB tries to emulate Oracle\'s usage of ROWNUM() as closely as\npossible, there are cases where the result is different:\n\n* When the optimizer finds rows in a different order (because of different\nstorage methods or optimization). This may also happen in Oracle if one adds\nor deletes an index, in which case the rows may be found in a different order.\n\nNote that usage of ROWNUM() in functions or stored procedures will use their\nown context, not the caller\'s context.\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/rownum/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/rownum/'),
(215,'Assignment Operator (=)',18,'Syntax\n------\n\nidentifier = expr\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nThe equal sign is used as both an assignment operator in certain contexts, and\nas a comparison operator. When used as assignment operator, the value on the\nright is assigned to the variable (or column, in some contexts) on the left.\n\nSince its use can be ambiguous, unlike the := assignment operator, the =\nassignment operator cannot be used in all contexts, and is only valid as part\nof a SET statement, or the SET clause of an UPDATE statement\n\nThis operator works with both user-defined variables and local variables.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nUPDATE table_name SET x = 2 WHERE x > 100;\n\nSET @x = 1, @y := 2;\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/assignment-operators-assignment-operator/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/assignment-operators-assignment-operator/'),
(216,'Not Equal Operator',19,'Syntax\n------\n\n<>, !=\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nNot equal operator. Evaluates both SQL expressions and returns 1 if they are\nnot equal and 0 if they are equal, or NULL if either expression is NULL. If\nthe expressions return different data types, (for instance, a number and a\nstring), performs type conversion.\n\nWhen used in row comparisons these two queries return the same results:\n\nSELECT (t1.a, t1.b) != (t2.x, t2.y) \nFROM t1 INNER JOIN t2;\n\nSELECT (t1.a != t2.x) OR (t1.b != t2.y)\nFROM t1 INNER JOIN t2;\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT \'.01\' <> \'0.01\';\n+-----------------+\n| \'.01\' <> \'0.01\' |\n+-----------------+\n|               1 |\n+-----------------+\n\nSELECT .01 <> \'0.01\';\n+---------------+\n| .01 <> \'0.01\' |\n+---------------+\n|             0 |\n+---------------+\n\nSELECT \'zapp\' <> \'zappp\';\n+-------------------+\n| \'zapp\' <> \'zappp\' |\n+-------------------+\n|                 1 |\n+-------------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/not-equal/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/not-equal/'),
(504,'ST_OVERLAPS',30,'Syntax\n------\n\nST_OVERLAPS(g1,g2)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nReturns 1 or 0 to indicate whether geometry g1 spatially overlaps geometry g2.\n\nThe term spatially overlaps is used if two geometries intersect and their\nintersection results in a geometry of the same dimension but not equal to\neither of the given geometries.\n\nST_OVERLAPS() uses object shapes, while OVERLAPS(), based on the original\nMySQL implementation, uses object bounding rectangles.\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/st-overlaps/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/st-overlaps/'),
(507,'TOUCHES',30,'Syntax\n------\n\nTouches(g1,g2)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nReturns 1 or 0 to indicate whether g1 spatially touches g2. Two geometries\nspatially touch if the interiors of the geometries do not intersect, but the\nboundary of one of the geometries intersects either the boundary or the\ninterior of the other.\n\nTOUCHES() is based on the original MySQL implementation and uses object\nbounding rectangles, while ST_TOUCHES() uses object shapes.\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/touches/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/touches/'),
(516,'CURRENT_DATE',31,'Syntax\n------\n\nCURRENT_DATE, CURRENT_DATE()\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nCURRENT_DATE and CURRENT_DATE() are synonyms for CURDATE().\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/current_date/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/current_date/'),
(517,'CURRENT_TIME',31,'Syntax\n------\n\nCURRENT_TIME\nCURRENT_TIME([precision])\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nCURRENT_TIME and CURRENT_TIME() are synonyms for CURTIME().\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/current_time/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/current_time/'),
(518,'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP',31,'Syntax\n------\n\nCURRENT_TIMESTAMP\nCURRENT_TIMESTAMP([precision])\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nCURRENT_TIMESTAMP and CURRENT_TIMESTAMP() are synonyms for NOW().\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/current_timestamp/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/current_timestamp/'),
(217,'<',19,'Syntax\n------\n\n<\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nLess than operator. Evaluates both SQL expressions and returns 1 if the left\nvalue is less than the right value and 0 if it is not, or NULL if either\nexpression is NULL. If the expressions return different data types, (for\ninstance, a number and a string), performs type conversion.\n\nWhen used in row comparisons these two queries return the same results:\n\nSELECT (t1.a, t1.b) < (t2.x, t2.y) \nFROM t1 INNER JOIN t2;\n\nSELECT (t1.a < t2.x) OR ((t1.a = t2.x) AND (t1.b < t2.y))\nFROM t1 INNER JOIN t2;\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT 2 < 2;\n+-------+\n| 2 < 2 |\n+-------+\n|     0 |\n+-------+\n\nType conversion:\n\nSELECT 3<\'4\';\n+-------+\n| 3<\'4\' |\n+-------+\n|     1 |\n+-------+\n\nCase insensitivity - see Character Sets and Collations:\n\nSELECT \'a\'<\'A\';\n+---------+\n| \'a\'<\'A\' |\n+---------+\n|       0 |\n+---------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/less-than/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/less-than/'),
(218,'<=',19,'Syntax\n------\n\n<=\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nLess than or equal operator. Evaluates both SQL expressions and returns 1 if\nthe left value is less than or equal to the right value and 0 if it is not, or\nNULL if either expression is NULL. If the expressions return different data\ntypes, (for instance, a number and a string), performs type conversion.\n\nWhen used in row comparisons these two queries return the same results:\n\nSELECT (t1.a, t1.b) <= (t2.x, t2.y) \nFROM t1 INNER JOIN t2;\n\nSELECT (t1.a < t2.x) OR ((t1.a = t2.x) AND (t1.b <= t2.y))\nFROM t1 INNER JOIN t2;\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT 0.1 <= 2;\n+----------+\n| 0.1 <= 2 |\n+----------+\n|        1 |\n+----------+\n\nSELECT \'a\'<=\'A\';\n+----------+\n| \'a\'<=\'A\' |\n+----------+\n|        1 |\n+----------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/less-than-or-equal/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/less-than-or-equal/'),
(219,'<=>',19,'Syntax\n------\n\n<=>\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nNULL-safe equal operator. It performs an equality comparison like the =\noperator, but returns 1 rather than NULL if both operands are NULL, and 0\nrather than NULL if one operand is NULL.\n\na <=> b is equivalent to a = b OR (a IS NULL AND b IS NULL).\n\nWhen used in row comparisons these two queries return the same results:\n\nSELECT (t1.a, t1.b) <=> (t2.x, t2.y) \nFROM t1 INNER JOIN t2;\n\nSELECT (t1.a <=> t2.x) AND (t1.b <=> t2.y)\nFROM t1 INNER JOIN t2;\n\nSee also NULL Values in MariaDB.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT 1 <=> 1, NULL <=> NULL, 1 <=> NULL;\n+---------+---------------+------------+\n| 1 <=> 1 | NULL <=> NULL | 1 <=> NULL |\n+---------+---------------+------------+\n|       1 |             1 |          0 |\n+---------+---------------+------------+\n\nSELECT 1 = 1, NULL = NULL, 1 = NULL;\n+-------+-------------+----------+\n| 1 = 1 | NULL = NULL | 1 = NULL |\n+-------+-------------+----------+\n|     1 |        NULL |     NULL |\n+-------+-------------+----------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/null-safe-equal/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/null-safe-equal/'),
(220,'=',19,'Syntax\n------\n\nleft_expr = right_expr\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nEqual operator. Evaluates both SQL expressions and returns 1 if they are\nequal, 0 if they are not equal, or NULL if either expression is NULL. If the\nexpressions return different data types (for example, a number and a string),\na type conversion is performed.\n\nWhen used in row comparisons these two queries are synonymous and return the\nsame results:\n\nSELECT (t1.a, t1.b) = (t2.x, t2.y) FROM t1 INNER JOIN t2;\n\nSELECT (t1.a = t2.x) AND (t1.b = t2.y) FROM t1 INNER JOIN t2;\n\nTo perform a NULL-safe comparison, use the <=> operator.\n\n= can also be used as an assignment operator.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT 1 = 0;\n+-------+\n| 1 = 0 |\n+-------+\n|     0 |\n+-------+\n\nSELECT \'0\' = 0;\n+---------+\n| \'0\' = 0 |\n+---------+\n|       1 |\n+---------+\n\nSELECT \'0.0\' = 0;\n+-----------+\n| \'0.0\' = 0 |\n+-----------+\n|         1 |\n+-----------+\n\nSELECT \'0.01\' = 0;\n+------------+\n| \'0.01\' = 0 |\n+------------+\n|          0 |\n+------------+\n\nSELECT \'.01\' = 0.01;\n+--------------+\n| \'.01\' = 0.01 |\n+--------------+\n|            1 |\n+--------------+\n\nSELECT (5 * 2) = CONCAT(\'1\', \'0\');\n+----------------------------+\n| (5 * 2) = CONCAT(\'1\', \'0\') |\n+----------------------------+\n|                          1 |\n+----------------------------+\n\nSELECT 1 = NULL;\n+----------+\n| 1 = NULL |\n+----------+\n|     NULL |\n+----------+\n\nSELECT NULL = NULL;\n+-------------+\n| NULL = NULL |\n+-------------+\n|        NULL |\n+-------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/equal/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/equal/'),
(221,'>',19,'Syntax\n------\n\n>\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nGreater than operator. Evaluates both SQL expressions and returns 1 if the\nleft value is greater than the right value and 0 if it is not, or NULL if\neither expression is NULL. If the expressions return different data types,\n(for instance, a number and a string), performs type conversion.\n\nWhen used in row comparisons these two queries return the same results:\n\nSELECT (t1.a, t1.b) > (t2.x, t2.y) \nFROM t1 INNER JOIN t2;\n\nSELECT (t1.a > t2.x) OR ((t1.a = t2.x) AND (t1.b > t2.y))\nFROM t1 INNER JOIN t2;\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT 2 > 2;\n+-------+\n| 2 > 2 |\n+-------+\n|     0 |\n+-------+\n\nSELECT \'b\' > \'a\';\n+-----------+\n| \'b\' > \'a\' |\n+-----------+\n|         1 |\n+-----------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/greater-than/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/greater-than/'),
(519,'CURTIME',31,'Syntax\n------\n\nCURTIME([precision])\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nReturns the current time as a value in \'HH:MM:SS\' or HHMMSS.uuuuuu format,\ndepending on whether the function is used in a string or numeric context. The\nvalue is expressed in the current time zone.\n\nThe optional precision determines the microsecond precision. See Microseconds\nin MariaDB.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT CURTIME();\n+-----------+\n| CURTIME() |\n+-----------+\n| 12:45:39  |\n+-----------+\n\nSELECT CURTIME() + 0;\n+---------------+\n| CURTIME() + 0 |\n+---------------+\n| 124545.000000 |\n+---------------+\n\nWith precision:\n\nSELECT CURTIME(2);\n+-------------+\n| CURTIME(2)  |\n+-------------+\n| 09:49:08.09 |\n+-------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/curtime/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/curtime/'),
(520,'DATE FUNCTION',31,'Syntax\n------\n\nDATE(expr)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nExtracts the date part of the date or datetime expression expr. Returns NULL\nand throws a warning when passed an invalid date.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT DATE(\'2013-07-18 12:21:32\');\n+-----------------------------+\n| DATE(\'2013-07-18 12:21:32\') |\n+-----------------------------+\n| 2013-07-18                  |\n+-----------------------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/date-function/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/date-function/'),
(523,'DATE_FORMAT',31,'Syntax\n------\n\nDATE_FORMAT(date, format[, locale])\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nFormats the date value according to the format string.\n\nThe language used for the names is controlled by the value of the\nlc_time_names system variable. See server locale for more on the supported\nlocales.\n\nThe options that can be used by DATE_FORMAT(), as well as its inverse\nSTR_TO_DATE() and the FROM_UNIXTIME() function, are:\n\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| Option                    | Description                                    |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %a                        | Short weekday name in current locale           |\n|                           | (Variable lc_time_names).                      |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %b                        | Short form month name in current locale. For   |\n|                           | locale en_US this is one of:                   |\n|                           | Jan,Feb,Mar,Apr,May,Jun,Jul,Aug,Sep,Oct,Nov    |\n|                           | or Dec.                                        |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %c                        | Month with 1 or 2 digits.                      |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %D                        | Day with English suffix \'th\', \'nd\', \'st\' or    |\n|                           | \'rd\'\'. (1st, 2nd, 3rd...).                     |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %d                        | Day with 2 digits.                             |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %e                        | Day with 1 or 2 digits.                        |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %f                        | Microseconds 6 digits.                         |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %H                        | Hour with 2 digits between 00-23.              |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %h                        | Hour with 2 digits between 01-12.              |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %I                        | Hour with 2 digits between 01-12.              |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %i                        | Minute with 2 digits.                          |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %j                        | Day of the year (001-366)                      |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %k                        | Hour with 1 digits between 0-23.               |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %l                        | Hour with 1 digits between 1-12.               |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %M                        | Full month name in current locale (Variable    |\n|                           | lc_time_names).                                |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %m                        | Month with 2 digits.                           |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %p                        | AM/PM according to current locale (Variable    |\n|                           | lc_time_names).                                |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %r                        | Time in 12 hour format, followed by AM/PM.     |\n|                           | Short for \'%I:%i:%S %p\'.                       |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %S                        | Seconds with 2 digits.                         |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %s                        | Seconds with 2 digits.                         |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %T                        | Time in 24 hour format. Short for \'%H:%i:%S\'.  |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %U                        | Week number (00-53), when first day of the     |\n|                           | week is Sunday.                                |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %u                        | Week number (00-53), when first day of the     |\n|                           | week is Monday.                                |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %V                        | Week number (01-53), when first day of the     |\n|                           | week is Sunday. Used with %X.                  |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %v                        | Week number (01-53), when first day of the     |\n|                           | week is Monday. Used with %x.                  |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %W                        | Full weekday name in current locale (Variable  |\n|                           | lc_time_names).                                |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %w                        | Day of the week. 0 = Sunday, 6 = Saturday.     |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %X                        | Year with 4 digits when first day of the week  |\n|                           | is Sunday. Used with %V.                       |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %x                        | Year with 4 digits when first day of the week  |\n|                           | is Monday. Used with %v.                       |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %Y                        | Year with 4 digits.                            |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %y                        | Year with 2 digits.                            |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %#                        | For str_to_date(), skip all numbers.           |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %.                        | For str_to_date(), skip all punctation         |\n|                           | characters.                                    |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %@                        | For str_to_date(), skip all alpha characters.  |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %%                        | A literal % character.                         |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n\nTo get a date in one of the standard formats, GET_FORMAT() can be used.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT DATE_FORMAT(\'2009-10-04 22:23:00\', \'%W %M %Y\');\n+------------------------------------------------+\n| DATE_FORMAT(\'2009-10-04 22:23:00\', \'%W %M %Y\') |\n+------------------------------------------------+\n| Sunday October 2009                            |\n+------------------------------------------------+\n\nSELECT DATE_FORMAT(\'2007-10-04 22:23:00\', \'%H:%i:%s\');\n+------------------------------------------------+\n| DATE_FORMAT(\'2007-10-04 22:23:00\', \'%H:%i:%s\') |\n+------------------------------------------------+\n| 22:23:00                                       |\n+------------------------------------------------+\n\nSELECT DATE_FORMAT(\'1900-10-04 22:23:00\', \'%D %y %a %d %m %b %j\');\n+------------------------------------------------------------+\n| DATE_FORMAT(\'1900-10-04 22:23:00\', \'%D %y %a %d %m %b %j\') |\n+------------------------------------------------------------+\n| 4th 00 Thu 04 10 Oct 277                                   |\n+------------------------------------------------------------+\n\nSELECT DATE_FORMAT(\'1997-10-04 22:23:00\', \'%H %k %I %r %T %S %w\');\n+------------------------------------------------------------+\n| DATE_FORMAT(\'1997-10-04 22:23:00\', \'%H %k %I %r %T %S %w\') |\n+------------------------------------------------------------+\n| 22 22 10 10:23:00 PM 22:23:00 00 6                         |\n+------------------------------------------------------------+\n\nSELECT DATE_FORMAT(\'1999-01-01\', \'%X %V\');\n+------------------------------------+\n| DATE_FORMAT(\'1999-01-01\', \'%X %V\') |\n+------------------------------------+\n| 1998 52                            |\n+------------------------------------+\n\nSELECT DATE_FORMAT(\'2006-06-00\', \'%d\');\n+---------------------------------+\n| DATE_FORMAT(\'2006-06-00\', \'%d\') |\n+---------------------------------+\n| 00                              |\n+---------------------------------+\n\nOptionally, the locale can be explicitly specified as the third DATE_FORMAT()\nargument. Doing so makes the function independent from the session settings,\nand the three argument version of DATE_FORMAT() can be used in virtual indexed\nand persistent generated-columns:\n\nSELECT DATE_FORMAT(\'2006-01-01\', \'%W\', \'el_GR\');\n+------------------------------------------+\n| DATE_FORMAT(\'2006-01-01\', \'%W\', \'el_GR\') |\n+------------------------------------------+\n| Κυριακή                                  |\n+------------------------------------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/date_format/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/date_format/'),
(525,'DAY',31,'Syntax\n------\n\nDAY(date)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nDAY() is a synonym for DAYOFMONTH().\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/day/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/day/'),
(529,'DAYOFYEAR',31,'Syntax\n------\n\nDAYOFYEAR(date)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nReturns the day of the year for date, in the range 1 to 366.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT DAYOFYEAR(\'2018-02-16\');\n+-------------------------+\n| DAYOFYEAR(\'2018-02-16\') |\n+-------------------------+\n|                      47 |\n+-------------------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/dayofyear/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/dayofyear/'),
(531,'FROM_DAYS',31,'Syntax\n------\n\nFROM_DAYS(N)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nGiven a day number N, returns a DATE value. The day count is based on the\nnumber of days from the start of the standard calendar (0000-00-00).\n\nThe function is not designed for use with dates before the advent of the\nGregorian calendar in October 1582. Results will not be reliable since it\ndoesn\'t account for the lost days when the calendar changed from the Julian\ncalendar.\n\nThis is the converse of the TO_DAYS() function.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT FROM_DAYS(730669);\n+-------------------+\n| FROM_DAYS(730669) |\n+-------------------+\n| 2000-07-03        |\n+-------------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/from_days/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/from_days/'),
(222,'>=',19,'Syntax\n------\n\n>=\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nGreater than or equal operator. Evaluates both SQL expressions and returns 1\nif the left value is greater than or equal to the right value and 0 if it is\nnot, or NULL if either expression is NULL. If the expressions return different\ndata types, (for instance, a number and a string), performs type conversion.\n\nWhen used in row comparisons these two queries return the same results:\n\nSELECT (t1.a, t1.b) >= (t2.x, t2.y) \nFROM t1 INNER JOIN t2;\n\nSELECT (t1.a > t2.x) OR ((t1.a = t2.x) AND (t1.b >= t2.y))\nFROM t1 INNER JOIN t2;\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT 2 >= 2;\n+--------+\n| 2 >= 2 |\n+--------+\n|      1 |\n+--------+\n\nSELECT \'A\' >= \'a\';\n+------------+\n| \'A\' >= \'a\' |\n+------------+\n|          1 |\n+------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/greater-than-or-equal/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/greater-than-or-equal/'),
(223,'BETWEEN AND',19,'Syntax\n------\n\nexpr BETWEEN min AND max\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nIf expr is greater than or equal to min and expr is less than or equal to max,\nBETWEEN returns 1, otherwise it returns 0. This is equivalent to the\nexpression (min <= expr AND expr <= max) if all the arguments are of the same\ntype. Otherwise type conversion takes place according to the rules described\nat Type Conversion, but applied to all the three arguments.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT 1 BETWEEN 2 AND 3;\n+-------------------+\n| 1 BETWEEN 2 AND 3 |\n+-------------------+\n|                 0 |\n+-------------------+\n\nSELECT \'b\' BETWEEN \'a\' AND \'c\';\n+-------------------------+\n| \'b\' BETWEEN \'a\' AND \'c\' |\n+-------------------------+\n|                       1 |\n+-------------------------+\n\nSELECT 2 BETWEEN 2 AND \'3\';\n+---------------------+\n| 2 BETWEEN 2 AND \'3\' |\n+---------------------+\n|                   1 |\n+---------------------+\n\nSELECT 2 BETWEEN 2 AND \'x-3\';\n+-----------------------+\n| 2 BETWEEN 2 AND \'x-3\' |\n+-----------------------+\n|                     0 |\n+-----------------------+\n1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)\n\nWarning (Code 1292): Truncated incorrect DOUBLE value: \'x-3\'\n\nNULL:\n\nSELECT 1 BETWEEN 1 AND NULL;\n+----------------------+\n| 1 BETWEEN 1 AND NULL |\n+----------------------+\n|                 NULL |\n+----------------------+\n\nDATE, DATETIME and TIMESTAMP examples. Omitting the time component compares\nagainst 00:00, so later times on the same date are not returned:\n\nCREATE TABLE `x` (\n a date ,\n b datetime,\n c timestamp\n)\n\nINSERT INTO x VALUES \n (\'2018-11-11\', \'2018-11-11 05:15\', \'2018-11-11 05:15\'), \n (\'2018-11-12\', \'2018-11-12 05:15\', \'2018-11-12 05:15\');\n\nSELECT * FROM x WHERE a BETWEEN \'2018-11-11\' AND \'2018-11-12\';\n+------------+---------------------+---------------------+\n| a          | b                   | c                   |\n+------------+---------------------+---------------------+\n| 2018-11-11 | 2018-11-11 05:15:00 | 2018-11-11 05:15:00 |\n| 2018-11-12 | 2018-11-12 05:15:00 | 2018-11-12 05:15:00 |\n+------------+---------------------+---------------------+\n\nSELECT * FROM x WHERE b BETWEEN \'2018-11-11\' AND \'2018-11-12\';\n+------------+---------------------+---------------------+\n| a          | b                   | c                   |\n+------------+---------------------+---------------------+\n| 2018-11-11 | 2018-11-11 05:15:00 | 2018-11-11 05:15:00 |\n+------------+---------------------+---------------------+\n\nSELECT * FROM x WHERE c BETWEEN \'2018-11-11\' AND \'2018-11-12\';\n+------------+---------------------+---------------------+\n| a          | b                   | c                   |\n+------------+---------------------+---------------------+\n| 2018-11-11 | 2018-11-11 05:15:00 | 2018-11-11 05:15:00 |\n+------------+---------------------+---------------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/between-and/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/between-and/'),
(224,'COALESCE',19,'Syntax\n------\n\nCOALESCE(value,...)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nReturns the first non-NULL value in the list, or NULL if there are no non-NULL\nvalues. At least one parameter must be passed.\n\nThe function is useful when substituting a default value for null values when\ndisplaying data.\n\nSee also NULL Values in MariaDB.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT COALESCE(NULL,1);\n+------------------+\n| COALESCE(NULL,1) |\n+------------------+\n|                1 |\n+------------------+\n\nSELECT COALESCE(NULL,NULL,NULL);\n+--------------------------+\n| COALESCE(NULL,NULL,NULL) |\n+--------------------------+\n|                     NULL |\n+--------------------------+\n\nWhen two arguments are given, COALESCE() is the same as IFNULL():\n\nSET @a=NULL, @b=1;\n\nSELECT COALESCE(@a, @b), IFNULL(@a, @b);\n+------------------+----------------+\n| COALESCE(@a, @b) | IFNULL(@a, @b) |\n+------------------+----------------+\n|                1 |              1 |\n+------------------+----------------+\n\nHex type confusion:\n\nCREATE TABLE t1 (a INT, b VARCHAR(10));\nINSERT INTO t1 VALUES (0x31, 0x61),(COALESCE(0x31), COALESCE(0x61));\n\nSELECT * FROM t1;\n+------+------+\n| a    | b    |\n+------+------+\n|   49 | a    |\n|    1 | a    |\n+------+------+\n\nThe reason for the differing results above is that when 0x31 is inserted\ndirectly to the column, it\'s treated as a number (see Hexadecimal Literals),\nwhile when 0x31 is passed to COALESCE(), it\'s treated as a string, because:\n\n* HEX values have a string data type by default.\n* COALESCE() has the same data type as the argument.\n\nSubstituting zero for NULL (in this case when the aggregate function returns\nNULL after finding no rows):\n\nSELECT SUM(score) FROM student;\n+------------+\n| SUM(score) |\n+------------+\n|       NULL |\n+------------+\n\nSELECT COALESCE(SUM(score),0) FROM student;\n+------------------------+\n| COALESCE(SUM(score),0) |\n+------------------------+\n|                      0 |\n+------------------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/coalesce/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/coalesce/'),
(532,'FROM_UNIXTIME',31,'Syntax\n------\n\nFROM_UNIXTIME(unix_timestamp), FROM_UNIXTIME(unix_timestamp,format)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nReturns a representation of the unix_timestamp argument as a value in\n\'YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS\' or YYYYMMDDHHMMSS.uuuuuu format, depending on whether\nthe function is used in a string or numeric context. The value is expressed in\nthe current time zone. unix_timestamp is an internal timestamp value such as\nis produced by the UNIX_TIMESTAMP() function.\n\nIf format is given, the result is formatted according to the format string,\nwhich is used the same way as listed in the entry for the DATE_FORMAT()\nfunction.\n\nTimestamps in MariaDB have a maximum value of 2147483647, equivalent to\n2038-01-19 05:14:07. This is due to the underlying 32-bit limitation. Using\nthe function on a timestamp beyond this will result in NULL being returned.\nUse DATETIME as a storage type if you require dates beyond this.\n\nThe options that can be used by FROM_UNIXTIME(), as well as DATE_FORMAT() and\nSTR_TO_DATE(), are:\n\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| Option                    | Description                                    |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %a                        | Short weekday name in current locale           |\n|                           | (Variable lc_time_names).                      |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %b                        | Short form month name in current locale. For   |\n|                           | locale en_US this is one of:                   |\n|                           | Jan,Feb,Mar,Apr,May,Jun,Jul,Aug,Sep,Oct,Nov    |\n|                           | or Dec.                                        |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %c                        | Month with 1 or 2 digits.                      |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %D                        | Day with English suffix \'th\', \'nd\', \'st\' or    |\n|                           | \'rd\'\'. (1st, 2nd, 3rd...).                     |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %d                        | Day with 2 digits.                             |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %e                        | Day with 1 or 2 digits.                        |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %f                        | Microseconds 6 digits.                         |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %H                        | Hour with 2 digits between 00-23.              |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %h                        | Hour with 2 digits between 01-12.              |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %I                        | Hour with 2 digits between 01-12.              |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %i                        | Minute with 2 digits.                          |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %j                        | Day of the year (001-366)                      |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %k                        | Hour with 1 digits between 0-23.               |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %l                        | Hour with 1 digits between 1-12.               |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %M                        | Full month name in current locale (Variable    |\n|                           | lc_time_names).                                |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %m                        | Month with 2 digits.                           |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %p                        | AM/PM according to current locale (Variable    |\n|                           | lc_time_names).                                |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %r                        | Time in 12 hour format, followed by AM/PM.     |\n|                           | Short for \'%I:%i:%S %p\'.                       |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %S                        | Seconds with 2 digits.                         |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %s                        | Seconds with 2 digits.                         |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %T                        | Time in 24 hour format. Short for \'%H:%i:%S\'.  |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %U                        | Week number (00-53), when first day of the     |\n|                           | week is Sunday.                                |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %u                        | Week number (00-53), when first day of the     |\n|                           | week is Monday.                                |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %V                        | Week number (01-53), when first day of the     |\n|                           | week is Sunday. Used with %X.                  |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %v                        | Week number (01-53), when first day of the     |\n|                           | week is Monday. Used with %x.                  |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %W                        | Full weekday name in current locale (Variable  |\n|                           | lc_time_names).                                |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %w                        | Day of the week. 0 = Sunday, 6 = Saturday.     |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %X                        | Year with 4 digits when first day of the week  |\n|                           | is Sunday. Used with %V.                       |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %x                        | Year with 4 digits when first day of the week  |\n|                           | is Sunday. Used with %v.                       |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %Y                        | Year with 4 digits.                            |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %y                        | Year with 2 digits.                            |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %#                        | For str_to_date(), skip all numbers.           |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %.                        | For str_to_date(), skip all punctation         |\n|                           | characters.                                    |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %@                        | For str_to_date(), skip all alpha characters.  |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %%                        | A literal % character.                         |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n\nPerformance Considerations\n--------------------------\n\nIf your session time zone is set to SYSTEM (the default), FROM_UNIXTIME() will\ncall the OS function to convert the data using the system time zone. At least\non Linux, the corresponding function (localtime_r) uses a global mutex inside\nglibc that can cause contention under high concurrent load.\n\nSet your time zone to a named time zone to avoid this issue. See mysql time\nzone tables for details on how to do this.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT FROM_UNIXTIME(1196440219);\n+---------------------------+\n| FROM_UNIXTIME(1196440219) |\n+---------------------------+\n| 2007-11-30 11:30:19       |\n+---------------------------+\n\nSELECT FROM_UNIXTIME(1196440219) + 0;\n+-------------------------------+\n| FROM_UNIXTIME(1196440219) + 0 |\n+-------------------------------+\n|         20071130113019.000000 |\n+-------------------------------+\n\nSELECT FROM_UNIXTIME(UNIX_TIMESTAMP(), \'%Y %D %M %h:%i:%s %x\');\n+---------------------------------------------------------+\n| FROM_UNIXTIME(UNIX_TIMESTAMP(), \'%Y %D %M %h:%i:%s %x\') |\n+---------------------------------------------------------+\n| 2010 27th March 01:03:47 2010                           |\n+---------------------------------------------------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/from_unixtime/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/from_unixtime/'),
(536,'LOCALTIME',31,'Syntax\n------\n\nLOCALTIME\nLOCALTIME([precision])\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nLOCALTIME and LOCALTIME() are synonyms for NOW().\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/localtime/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/localtime/'),
(537,'LOCALTIMESTAMP',31,'Syntax\n------\n\nLOCALTIMESTAMP\nLOCALTIMESTAMP([precision])\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nLOCALTIMESTAMP and LOCALTIMESTAMP() are synonyms for NOW().\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/localtimestamp/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/localtimestamp/'),
(541,'MINUTE',31,'Syntax\n------\n\nMINUTE(time)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nReturns the minute for time, in the range 0 to 59.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT MINUTE(\'2013-08-03 11:04:03\');\n+-------------------------------+\n| MINUTE(\'2013-08-03 11:04:03\') |\n+-------------------------------+\n|                             4 |\n+-------------------------------+\n\nSELECT MINUTE (\'23:12:50\');\n+---------------------+\n| MINUTE (\'23:12:50\') |\n+---------------------+\n|                  12 |\n+---------------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/minute/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/minute/'),
(542,'MONTH',31,'Syntax\n------\n\nMONTH(date)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nReturns the month for date in the range 1 to 12 for January to December, or 0\nfor dates such as \'0000-00-00\' or \'2008-00-00\' that have a zero month part.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT MONTH(\'2019-01-03\');\n+---------------------+\n| MONTH(\'2019-01-03\') |\n+---------------------+\n|                   1 |\n+---------------------+\n\nSELECT MONTH(\'2019-00-03\');\n+---------------------+\n| MONTH(\'2019-00-03\') |\n+---------------------+\n|                   0 |\n+---------------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/month/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/month/'),
(226,'IN',19,'Syntax\n------\n\nexpr IN (value,...)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nReturns 1 if expr is equal to any of the values in the IN list, else returns\n0. If all values are constants, they are evaluated according to the type of\nexpr and sorted. The search for the item then is done using a binary search.\nThis means IN is very quick if the IN value list consists entirely of\nconstants. Otherwise, type conversion takes place according to the rules\ndescribed at Type Conversion, but applied to all the arguments.\n\nIf expr is NULL, IN always returns NULL. If at least one of the values in the\nlist is NULL, and one of the comparisons is true, the result is 1. If at least\none of the values in the list is NULL and none of the comparisons is true, the\nresult is NULL.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT 2 IN (0,3,5,7);\n+----------------+\n| 2 IN (0,3,5,7) |\n+----------------+\n|              0 |\n+----------------+\n\nSELECT \'wefwf\' IN (\'wee\',\'wefwf\',\'weg\');\n+----------------------------------+\n| \'wefwf\' IN (\'wee\',\'wefwf\',\'weg\') |\n+----------------------------------+\n|                                1 |\n+----------------------------------+\n\nType conversion:\n\nSELECT 1 IN (\'1\', \'2\', \'3\');\n+----------------------+\n| 1 IN (\'1\', \'2\', \'3\') |\n+----------------------+\n|                    1 |\n+----------------------+\n\nSELECT NULL IN (1, 2, 3);\n+-------------------+\n| NULL IN (1, 2, 3) |\n+-------------------+\n|              NULL |\n+-------------------+\n\nSELECT 1 IN (1, 2, NULL);\n+-------------------+\n| 1 IN (1, 2, NULL) |\n+-------------------+\n|                 1 |\n+-------------------+\n\nSELECT 5 IN (1, 2, NULL);\n+-------------------+\n| 5 IN (1, 2, NULL) |\n+-------------------+\n|              NULL |\n+-------------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/in/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/in/'),
(227,'INTERVAL',19,'Syntax\n------\n\nINTERVAL(N,N1,N2,N3,...)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nReturns the index of the last argument that is less than the first argument or\nis NULL.\n\nReturns 0 if N < N1, 1 if N < N2, 2 if N < N3 and so on or -1 if N is NULL.\nAll arguments are treated as integers. It is required that N1 < N2 < N3 < ...\n< Nn for this function to work correctly. This is because a fast binary search\nis used.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT INTERVAL(23, 1, 15, 17, 30, 44, 200);\n+--------------------------------------+\n| INTERVAL(23, 1, 15, 17, 30, 44, 200) |\n+--------------------------------------+\n|                                    3 |\n+--------------------------------------+\n\nSELECT INTERVAL(10, 1, 10, 100, 1000);\n+--------------------------------+\n| INTERVAL(10, 1, 10, 100, 1000) |\n+--------------------------------+\n|                              2 |\n+--------------------------------+\n\nSELECT INTERVAL(22, 23, 30, 44, 200);\n+-------------------------------+\n| INTERVAL(22, 23, 30, 44, 200) |\n+-------------------------------+\n|                             0 |\n+-------------------------------+\n\nSELECT INTERVAL(10, 2, NULL);\n+-----------------------+\n| INTERVAL(10, 2, NULL) |\n+-----------------------+\n|                     2 |\n+-----------------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/interval/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/interval/'),
(228,'IS',19,'Syntax\n------\n\nIS boolean_value\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nTests a value against a boolean value, where boolean_value can be TRUE, FALSE,\nor UNKNOWN.\n\nThere is an important difference between using IS TRUE or comparing a value\nwith TRUE using =. When using =, only 1 equals to TRUE. But when using IS\nTRUE, all values which are logically true (like a number > 1) return TRUE.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT 1 IS TRUE, 0 IS FALSE, NULL IS UNKNOWN;\n+-----------+------------+-----------------+\n| 1 IS TRUE | 0 IS FALSE | NULL IS UNKNOWN |\n+-----------+------------+-----------------+\n|         1 |          1 |               1 |\n+-----------+------------+-----------------+\n\nDifference between = and IS TRUE:\n\nSELECT 2 = TRUE, 2 IS TRUE;\n+----------+-----------+\n| 2 = TRUE | 2 IS TRUE |\n+----------+-----------+\n|        0 |         1 |\n+----------+-----------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/is/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/is/'),
(229,'IS NOT',19,'Syntax\n------\n\nIS NOT boolean_value\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nTests a value against a boolean value, where boolean_value can be TRUE, FALSE,\nor UNKNOWN.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT 1 IS NOT UNKNOWN, 0 IS NOT UNKNOWN, NULL IS NOT UNKNOWN;\n+------------------+------------------+---------------------+\n| 1 IS NOT UNKNOWN | 0 IS NOT UNKNOWN | NULL IS NOT UNKNOWN |\n+------------------+------------------+---------------------+\n|                1 |                1 |                   0 |\n+------------------+------------------+---------------------+\n\nSELECT NULL IS NOT TRUE, NULL IS NOT FALSE;\n+------------------+-------------------+\n| NULL IS NOT TRUE | NULL IS NOT FALSE |\n+------------------+-------------------+\n|                1 |                 1 |\n+------------------+-------------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/is-not/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/is-not/'),
(543,'MONTHNAME',31,'Syntax\n------\n\nMONTHNAME(date)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nReturns the full name of the month for date. The language used for the name is\ncontrolled by the value of the lc_time_names system variable. See server\nlocale for more on the supported locales.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT MONTHNAME(\'2019-02-03\');\n+-------------------------+\n| MONTHNAME(\'2019-02-03\') |\n+-------------------------+\n| February                |\n+-------------------------+\n\nChanging the locale:\n\nSET lc_time_names = \'fr_CA\';\n\nSELECT MONTHNAME(\'2019-05-21\');\n+-------------------------+\n| MONTHNAME(\'2019-05-21\') |\n+-------------------------+\n| mai                     |\n+-------------------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/monthname/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/monthname/'),
(547,'QUARTER',31,'Syntax\n------\n\nQUARTER(date)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nReturns the quarter of the year for date, in the range 1 to 4. Returns 0 if\nmonth contains a zero value, or NULL if the given value is not otherwise a\nvalid date (zero values are accepted).\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT QUARTER(\'2008-04-01\');\n+-----------------------+\n| QUARTER(\'2008-04-01\') |\n+-----------------------+\n|                     2 |\n+-----------------------+\n\nSELECT QUARTER(\'2019-00-01\');\n+-----------------------+\n| QUARTER(\'2019-00-01\') |\n+-----------------------+\n|                     0 |\n+-----------------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/quarter/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/quarter/'),
(548,'SECOND',31,'Syntax\n------\n\nSECOND(time)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nReturns the second for a given time (which can include microseconds), in the\nrange 0 to 59, or NULL if not given a valid time value.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT SECOND(\'10:05:03\');\n+--------------------+\n| SECOND(\'10:05:03\') |\n+--------------------+\n|                  3 |\n+--------------------+\n\nSELECT SECOND(\'10:05:01.999999\');\n+---------------------------+\n| SECOND(\'10:05:01.999999\') |\n+---------------------------+\n|                         1 |\n+---------------------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/second/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/second/'),
(550,'STR_TO_DATE',31,'Syntax\n------\n\nSTR_TO_DATE(str,format)\n\nDescription\n-----------\n\nThis is the inverse of the DATE_FORMAT() function. It takes a string str and a\nformat string format. STR_TO_DATE() returns a DATETIME value if the format\nstring contains both date and time parts, or a DATE or TIME value if the\nstring contains only date or time parts.\n\nThe date, time, or datetime values contained in str should be given in the\nformat indicated by format. If str contains an illegal date, time, or datetime\nvalue, STR_TO_DATE() returns NULL. An illegal value also produces a warning.\n\nUnder specific SQL_MODE settings an error may also be generated if the str\nisn\'t a valid date:\n\n* ALLOW_INVALID_DATES\n* NO_ZERO_DATE\n* NO_ZERO_IN_DATE\n\nThe options that can be used by STR_TO_DATE(), as well as its inverse\nDATE_FORMAT() and the FROM_UNIXTIME() function, are:\n\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| Option                    | Description                                    |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %a                        | Short weekday name in current locale           |\n|                           | (Variable lc_time_names).                      |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %b                        | Short form month name in current locale. For   |\n|                           | locale en_US this is one of:                   |\n|                           | Jan,Feb,Mar,Apr,May,Jun,Jul,Aug,Sep,Oct,Nov    |\n|                           | or Dec.                                        |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %c                        | Month with 1 or 2 digits.                      |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %D                        | Day with English suffix \'th\', \'nd\', \'st\' or    |\n|                           | \'rd\'\'. (1st, 2nd, 3rd...).                     |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %d                        | Day with 2 digits.                             |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %e                        | Day with 1 or 2 digits.                        |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %f                        | Microseconds 6 digits.                         |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %H                        | Hour with 2 digits between 00-23.              |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %h                        | Hour with 2 digits between 01-12.              |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %I                        | Hour with 2 digits between 01-12.              |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %i                        | Minute with 2 digits.                          |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %j                        | Day of the year (001-366)                      |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %k                        | Hour with 1 digits between 0-23.               |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %l                        | Hour with 1 digits between 1-12.               |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %M                        | Full month name in current locale (Variable    |\n|                           | lc_time_names).                                |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %m                        | Month with 2 digits.                           |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %p                        | AM/PM according to current locale (Variable    |\n|                           | lc_time_names).                                |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %r                        | Time in 12 hour format, followed by AM/PM.     |\n|                           | Short for \'%I:%i:%S %p\'.                       |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %S                        | Seconds with 2 digits.                         |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %s                        | Seconds with 2 digits.                         |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %T                        | Time in 24 hour format. Short for \'%H:%i:%S\'.  |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %U                        | Week number (00-53), when first day of the     |\n|                           | week is Sunday.                                |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %u                        | Week number (00-53), when first day of the     |\n|                           | week is Monday.                                |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %V                        | Week number (01-53), when first day of the     |\n|                           | week is Sunday. Used with %X.                  |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %v                        | Week number (01-53), when first day of the     |\n|                           | week is Monday. Used with %x.                  |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %W                        | Full weekday name in current locale (Variable  |\n|                           | lc_time_names).                                |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %w                        | Day of the week. 0 = Sunday, 6 = Saturday.     |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %X                        | Year with 4 digits when first day of the week  |\n|                           | is Sunday. Used with %V.                       |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %x                        | Year with 4 digits when first day of the week  |\n|                           | is Monday. Used with %v.                       |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %Y                        | Year with 4 digits.                            |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %y                        | Year with 2 digits.                            |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %#                        | For str_to_date(), skip all numbers.           |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %.                        | For str_to_date(), skip all punctation         |\n|                           | characters.                                    |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %@                        | For str_to_date(), skip all alpha characters.  |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n| %%                        | A literal % character.                         |\n+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nSELECT STR_TO_DATE(\'Wednesday, June 2, 2014\', \'%W, %M %e, %Y\');\n+---------------------------------------------------------+\n| STR_TO_DATE(\'Wednesday, June 2, 2014\', \'%W, %M %e, %Y\') |\n+---------------------------------------------------------+\n| 2014-06-02                                              |\n+---------------------------------------------------------+\n\nSELECT STR_TO_DATE(\'Wednesday23423, June 2, 2014\', \'%W, %M %e, %Y\');\n+--------------------------------------------------------------+\n| STR_TO_DATE(\'Wednesday23423, June 2, 2014\', \'%W, %M %e, %Y\') |\n+--------------------------------------------------------------+\n| NULL                                                         |\n+--------------------------------------------------------------+\n1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)\n\nSHOW WARNINGS;\n+---------+------+-------------------------------------------------------------\n---------------------+\n| Level   | Code | Message                                                    \n           |\n+---------+------+-------------------------------------------------------------\n---------------------+\n| Warning | 1411 | Incorrect datetime value: \'Wednesday23423, June 2, 2014\'\nfor function str_to_date |\n+---------+------+-------------------------------------------------------------\n---------------------+\n\nSELECT STR_TO_DATE(\'Wednesday23423, June 2, 2014\', \'%W%#, %M %e, %Y\');\n+----------------------------------------------------------------+\n| STR_TO_DATE(\'Wednesday23423, June 2, 2014\', \'%W%#, %M %e, %Y\') |\n+----------------------------------------------------------------+\n| 2014-06-02                                                     |\n+----------------------------------------------------------------+\n\nURL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/str_to_date/','','https://mariadb.com/kb/en/str_to_date/'),
